| Web: | mayocliniclabs.com |
|---|---|
| Email: | mcl@mayo.edu |
| Telephone: | 800-533-1710 |
| International: | +1 855-379-3115 |
| Values are valid only on day of printing | |
Test Id : PQNU
Porphyrins, Quantitative, 24 Hour, Urine
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Preferred screening test for congenital erythropoietic porphyria and porphyria cutanea tarda and during symptomatic periods for acute intermittent porphyria, hereditary coproporphyria, and variegate porphyria when specimen transport will be longer than 72 hours
Genetics Test Information
Provides information that may help with selection of the correct genetic test or proper submission of the test request
Provides information that may help with selection of the correct genetic test or proper submission of the test request
This test is preferred during symptomatic periods for acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), hereditary coproporphyria (HCP), and variegate porphyria (VP) when specimen transport will be longer than 72 hours. If the specimen will be received at Mayo Clinic Laboratories within 72 hours of collection, PQNRU / Porphyrins, Quantitative, Random, Urine is recommended.
Testing includes porphobilinogen, which is useful in the evaluation of the acute porphyrias.
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
The following algorithms are available in Special Instructions:
-Porphyria (Acute) Testing Algorithm
-Porphyria (Cutaneous) Testing Algorithm
Special Instructions
Library of PDFs including pertinent information and forms related to the test
Library of PDFs including pertinent information and forms related to the test
Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test
A short description of the method used to perform the test
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with Fluorometric Detection
Includes quantitation of coproporphyrins, uroporphyrins, and intermediate porphyrins (heptacarboxyl, hexacarboxyl, and pentacarboxyl).
Includes liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) determination of porphobilinogen.
NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Yes
Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test
Porphyrins, QN, U
Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP)
Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (CEP)
Coproporphyrin
Hereditary Coproporphyria (HCP)
PBG (Porphobilinogen)
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT)
Porphyrins, Fractionation, Urine
Uroporphyrin
Variegate Porphyria (VP)
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
The following algorithms are available in Special Instructions:
-Porphyria (Acute) Testing Algorithm
-Porphyria (Cutaneous) Testing Algorithm
Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing
Describes the specimen type validated for testing
Urine
Ordering Guidance
This 24-hour urine test should be ordered when the specimen will not reach MCL within 72 hours. If the specimen will reach MCL within 72 hours, order PQNRU / Porphyrins, Quantitative, Random, Urine.
Shipping Instructions
Necessary Information
1. 24-Hour volume is required.
2. Collection date and time should be documented upon completion of the 24-hour collection.
3. Include a list of medications the patient is currently taking.
4. See Urine Preservatives in Special Instructions for multiple collections.
Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing
Patient Preparation: Patient should abstain from alcohol for 24 hours prior to, as well as during, collection.
Supplies:
Amber, 60-mL urine bottle (T596)
Sodium Carbonate, 5 gram (T272)
Specimen Volume: 20-50 mL
Collection Instructions:
1. Collect a 24-hour urine specimen.
2. Add 5 g of sodium carbonate (T272) as preservative at start of collection. This preservative is intended to achieve a pH of >7. Do not substitute sodium bicarbonate for sodium carbonate.
3. The container should be refrigerated and protected from light as much as possible during collection. An aliquot should be frozen when collection is complete.
Special Instructions
Library of PDFs including pertinent information and forms related to the test
Library of PDFs including pertinent information and forms related to the test
Forms
If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send a Biochemical Genetics Test Request (T798) with the specimen.
Urine Preservative Collection Options
Note: The addition of preservative or application of temperature controls must occur within 4 hours of completion of the collection.
| Ambient | No |
| Refrigerate | No |
| Frozen | No |
| 50% Acetic Acid | No |
| Boric Acid | No |
| Diazolidinyl Urea | No |
| 6M Hydrochloric Acid | No |
| 6M Nitric Acid | No |
| Sodium Carbonate | Required |
| Thymol | No |
| Toluene | No |
| **Protect specimen from light. | |
Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the Testing Laboratory
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the Testing Laboratory
15 mL
Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
| All specimens will be evaluated at Mayo Clinic Laboratories for test suitability. |
Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Urine | Frozen (preferred) | 7 days | LIGHT PROTECTED |
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Preferred screening test for congenital erythropoietic porphyria and porphyria cutanea tarda and during symptomatic periods for acute intermittent porphyria, hereditary coproporphyria, and variegate porphyria when specimen transport will be longer than 72 hours
Genetics Test Information
Provides information that may help with selection of the correct genetic test or proper submission of the test request
Provides information that may help with selection of the correct genetic test or proper submission of the test request
This test is preferred during symptomatic periods for acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), hereditary coproporphyria (HCP), and variegate porphyria (VP) when specimen transport will be longer than 72 hours. If the specimen will be received at Mayo Clinic Laboratories within 72 hours of collection, PQNRU / Porphyrins, Quantitative, Random, Urine is recommended.
Testing includes porphobilinogen, which is useful in the evaluation of the acute porphyrias.
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
The following algorithms are available in Special Instructions:
-Porphyria (Acute) Testing Algorithm
-Porphyria (Cutaneous) Testing Algorithm
Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
The porphyrias are a group of inherited disorders resulting from enzyme defects in the heme biosynthetic pathway. Depending on the specific enzyme involved, various porphyrins and their precursors accumulate in different specimen types. The patterns of porphyrin accumulation in erythrocytes and plasma and excretion of the heme precursors in urine and feces allow for the detection and differentiation of the porphyrias.
The porphyrias are typically classified as erythropoietic or hepatic based upon the primary site of the enzyme defect. In addition, hepatic porphyrias can be further classified as chronic or acute, based on their clinical presentation.
The primary acute hepatic porphyrias: acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), hereditary coproporphyria (HCP), and variegate porphyria (VP), are associated with neurovisceral symptoms that typically onset during puberty or later. Common symptoms include severe abdominal pain, peripheral neuropathy, and psychiatric symptoms. Crises may be precipitated by a broad range of medications (including barbiturates and sulfa drugs), alcohol, infection, starvation, heavy metals, and hormonal changes. Photosensitivity is not associated with AIP, but may be present in HCP and VP.
Cutaneous photosensitivity is associated with the chronic hepatic porphyrias: porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) and the erythropoietic porphyrias; erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), X-linked dominant protoporphyria (XLDPP), and congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP). Although genetic in nature, environmental factors may exacerbate symptoms, significantly impacting the severity and course of disease.
CEP is an erythropoietic porphyria caused by uroporphyrinogen III synthase deficiency. Symptoms typically present in early infancy with red-brown staining of diapers, severe cutaneous photosensitivity with fluid-filled bullae and vesicles. Other common symptoms may include thickening of the skin, hypo- and hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, cutaneous scarring, and deformities of the fingers, eyelids, lips, nose, and ears. A few milder adult-onset cases have been documented as well as cases that are secondary to myeloid malignancies.
PCT is the most common form of porphyria and is most commonly sporadic (acquired) but in about 25% of cases it is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. The most prominent clinical characteristics are cutaneous photosensitivity and scarring on sun-exposed surfaces. Patients experience chronic blistering lesions resulting from mild trauma to sun-exposed areas. These fluid-filled vesicles rupture easily, become crusted, and heal slowly. Secondary infections can cause areas of hypo- or hyperpigmentation or sclerodermatous changes and may result in the development of alopecia at sites of repeated skin damage. Liver disease is common in patients with PCT as evidenced by abnormal liver function tests and with 30% to 40% of patients developing cirrhosis. In addition, there is an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria (HEP) is observed when an individual inherits PCT from both parents. Patients exhibit a similar clinical presentation to what is seen in CEP.
Urinary porphyrin determination is helpful in the diagnosis of most porphyrias including CEP, PCT, AIP, HCP, and VP. In addition, measurement of porphobilinogen (PBG) in urine is important in establishing the diagnosis of the acute neurologic porphyrias (AIP, HCP and VP). Neither urine porphyrins nor PBG is helpful in evaluating patients suspected of having EPP or XLDPP.
In addition, porphyrinuria may result from exposure to certain drugs and toxins or other medical conditions (ie, hereditary tyrosinemia type I). Heavy metals, halogenated solvents, various drugs, insecticides, and herbicides can interfere with heme production and cause "intoxication porphyria." Chemically, the intoxication porphyrias are characterized by increased excretion of uroporphyrin and/or coproporphyrin in urine.
The workup of patients with a suspected porphyria is most effective when following a stepwise approach. See Porphyria (Acute) Testing Algorithm and Porphyria (Cutaneous) Testing Algorithm in Special Instructions or call 800-533-1710 to discuss testing strategies.
Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
UROPORPHYRINS (OCTACARBOXYL)
< or =30 nmol/24 hours
HEPTACARBOXYLPORPHYRINS
< or =9 nmol/24 hours
HEXACARBOXYLPORPHYRINS
< or =8 nmol/24 hours
PENTACARBOXYLPORPHYRINS
< or =10 nmol/24 hours
COPROPORPHYRINS (TETRACARBOXYL)
Males: < or =230 nmol/24 hours
Females: < or =168 nmol/24 hours
PORPHOBILINOGEN
< or =2.2 mcmol/24 hours
Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Abnormal results are reported with a detailed interpretation which may include an overview of the results and their significance, a correlation to available clinical information provided with the specimen, differential diagnosis, recommendations for additional testing when indicated and available, and a phone number to reach one of the laboratory directors in case the referring physician has additional questions.
Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Urine preservative should be used; 24-hour collections should be preserved by adding 5.0 g of sodium carbonate to a light-resistant collection container prior to beginning collection. Porphobilinogen (PBG) and porphyrins are susceptible to degradation at high temperature, at pH <5.0, and on exposure to light.
Neither erythropoietic protoporphyria nor X-linked dominant protoporphyria are detected utilizing urine porphyrins and PBG measurements.
Ethanol and a variety of medications are known to interfere with heme synthesis leading to elevations in urine porphyrins, particularly coproporphyrin. Coproporphyrin elevation without concomitant PBG elevation should not be used as the basis for the diagnosis of porphyria, but may warrant follow-up testing with fecal porphyrin analysis.
Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Tortorelli S, Kloke K, Raymond K: Chapter 15: Disorders of porphyrin metabolism. In Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Pediatric Disease. Fourth edition. Edited by DJ Dietzen, MJ Bennett, ECC Wong. AACC Press, 2010, pp 307-324
2. Nuttall KL, Klee GG: Analytes of hemoglobin metabolism - porphyrins, iron, and bilirubin. In Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. Fifth edition. Edited by CA Burtis, ER Ashwood. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Company, 2001, pp 584-607
3. Anderson KE, Sassa S, Bishop DF, Desnick RJ: X-Linked sideroblastic anemia and the porphyrias. In Disorders of Heme Biosynthesis. Edited by D Valle, AL Beaudet, B Vogelstein, et al. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2014. Accessed August 9, 2017. Available at http://ommbid.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=971&Sectionid=62638866
Special Instructions
Library of PDFs including pertinent information and forms related to the test
Library of PDFs including pertinent information and forms related to the test
Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
An aliquot of urine is acidified and mesoporphyrin is added as an internal standard. Porphyrins in the acidified urine are separated by HPLC and the eluted porphyrins and internal standard are quantified by comparison of their fluorescence intensity to that of known porphyrin standards.(Ford RE, Ou C-N,
Porphobilinogen (PBG) in urine is quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after addition of stable isotope-labeled PBG internal standard and solid phase extraction.(Ford RE, Magera MJ, Kloke KM, et al: Quantitative measurement of porphobilinogen in urine by stable-isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 2001 September;47[9]:1627-1632)
PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information
No
Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.
Monday through Friday
Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.
2 to 4 days
Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
1 week
Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test
Rochester
Fees
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.
- Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
- Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
- Prospective clients should contact their Regional Manager. For assistance, contact Customer Service.
Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.
This test was developed, and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. This test has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
84110-Porphobilinogen, quantitative
84120-Porphyrins, quantitation and fractionation
LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.
| Test Id | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| PQNU | Porphyrins, QN, U | 43116-3 |
| Result Id | Test Result Name |
Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
|
|---|---|---|
| TM3 | Collection Duration | 13362-9 |
| VL1 | Urine Volume | 3167-4 |
| 29357 | Uroporphyrin, Octa | 15096-1 |
| 29358 | Heptacarboxylporphyrins | 25434-2 |
| 29359 | Hexacarboxylporphyrins | 25438-3 |
| 29360 | Pentacarboxylporphyrins | 25494-6 |
| 29361 | Coproporphyrin, Tetra | 15041-7 |
| 29362 | Porphobilinogen | 14882-5 |
| 23403 | Interpretation | 59462-2 |
Test Setup Resources
Setup Files
Test setup information contains test file definition details to support order and result interfacing between Mayo Clinic Laboratories and your Laboratory Information System.
Test setup information contains test file definition details to support order and result interfacing between Mayo Clinic Laboratories and your Laboratory Information System.
Sample Reports
Normal and Abnormal sample reports are provided as references for report appearance.
Normal and Abnormal sample reports are provided as references for report appearance.
SI Sample Reports
International System (SI) of Unit reports are provided for a limited number of tests. These reports are intended for international account use and are only available through MayoLINK accounts that have been defined to receive them.
International System (SI) of Unit reports are provided for a limited number of tests. These reports are intended for international account use and are only available through MayoLINK accounts that have been defined to receive them.