Test Id : HANTI
Hantavirus IgM and IgG, Technical Interpretation, Serum
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Interpretation of serologic testing for Hantavirus infection
Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test
Only orderable as part of a profile. For more information see HANGM / Hantavirus IgM and IgG, ELISA, Serum.
Technical Interpretation
NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test
Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
HANGM
HANTI
Andes Virus
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
Sin Nombre Virus
Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing
Serum
Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing
Only orderable as part of a profile. For more information see HANGM / Hantavirus IgM and IgG, ELISA, Serum.
Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serum | Refrigerated (preferred) | 21 days | |
| Ambient | 7 days | ||
| Frozen | 30 days |
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Interpretation of serologic testing for Hantavirus infection
Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Hantaviruses are a group of rodent-borne viruses, with different strains tied to specific regions and host species, causing either Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the Americas or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Europe and Asia. Severity varies by strain, from milder infections like Puumala and Seoul viruses to more severe ones like Sin Nombre, Andes, and Hantaan, with Andes virus uniquely capable of limited person-to-person transmission. In the US, the principal syndrome is HPS, most commonly associated with the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), with cases concentrated in the Southwest but reported nationwide. Risk factors include activities that disturb rodent-infested environments (eg, cleaning cabins, barns, or sheds), occupational exposure (construction, farming), and peridomestic infestations.
After an incubation period of about 1 to 6 weeks, HPS typically begins with a nonspecific prodrome of fever, myalgias (often prominent in the thighs and back), fatigue, and headache, sometimes accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms. Within several days, patients can progress rapidly to cough and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema leading to hypoxemic respiratory failure and shock. Laboratory findings often include thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration, leukocytosis with left shift (elevated white blood cell count with increased immature neutrophils), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase. Diagnosis is confirmed by serology (IgM and rising IgG antibodies), polymerase chain reaction analysis for viral RNA, or immunohistochemistry in specialized settings. Early recognition is critical due to the potential for rapid deterioration.
Management is primarily supportive, with early intensive care monitoring, careful fluid management, and prompt initiation of advanced respiratory support including mechanical ventilation; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be lifesaving in severe cases. There is no widely approved specific antiviral therapy for HPS. Mortality for HPS remains high (approximately 30%-40%). Prevention focuses on minimizing rodent exposure through environmental control, safe cleanup practices (wet disinfection, avoiding aerosolization), and public health education.
Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
Only orderable as part of a profile. For more information see HANGM / Hantavirus IgM and IgG, ELISA, Serum.
IgM: Negative
IgG: Negative
Reference values apply to all ages.
Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
| IgM result | IgG result | Interpretation |
| Negative | Negative | No antibodies to Hantavirus (Sin Nombre or Andes strains) detected. False-negative results may occur in patients tested too soon following infection or in immunocompromised patients. |
| Negative | Borderline | Possible detection of IgG against Hantavirus (Sin Nombre or Andes strains, unable to differentiate). Consider repeat testing on a new specimen to confirm. |
| Negative | Positive | IgG against Hantavirus (Sin Nombre or Andes strains, unable to differentiate) detected. Results suggest prior exposure or infection with Hantavirus. |
| Borderline | Negative | Possible detection of IgM against Hantavirus (Sin Nombre or Andes strains, unable to differentiate). Consider repeat testing on a new specimen to confirm. |
| Borderline | Borderline | Possible detection of IgM and IgG against Hantavirus (Sin Nombre or Andes strains, unable to differentiate). Consider repeat testing on a new specimen to confirm. |
| Borderline | Positive | IgG against Hantavirus (Sin Nombre or Andes strains, unable to differentiate) detected. Possible detection of IgM against Hantavirus (Sin Nombre or Andes strains, unable to differentiate). Consider repeat testing on a new specimen to confirm IgM results. |
| Positive | Negative | IgM against Hantavirus (Sin Nombre or Andes strains, unable to differentiate) detected. Results suggest recent infection with Hantavirus. |
| Positive | Borderline | IgM against Hantavirus (Sin Nombre or Andes strains, unable to differentiate) detected. Possible detection of IgG against Hantavirus (Sin Nombre or Andes strains, unable to differentiate). Consider repeat testing on a new specimen to confirm IgG results. |
| Positive | Positive | IgM and IgG against Hantavirus (Sin Nombre or Andes strains, unable to differentiate) detected. Results suggest recent infection with Hantavirus. |
Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
False-negative results may occur in patients that are either tested too soon following infection or are significantly immunocompromised.
This assay detects IgM and IgG antibodies against antigens from the Sin Nombre and Andes Hantavirus strains; however, it will not differentiate between the two strains. It is unknown if this assay will detect antibodies to other Hantavirus strains.
Results must be interpreted alongside epidemiological exposure history and clinical presentation, and diagnosis should not be made solely on serologic results from this assay.
False-positive results may occur in patients with recent cytomegalovirus infection.
Results from this assay are qualitative only.
Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Romeo MA, Tofani S, Lapa D, et al. Orthohantaviruses: An overview of the current status of diagnostics and surveillance. Viruses. 2025;17(5):622
2. Koroknai A, Nagy A, Nagy O, et al. Human Hantavirus infections in Hungary (2018-2025): Epidemiology, molecular detection across clinical sample types, and phylogenetic analysis. Viruses. 2026;18(3):366
Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
Automated interpretation of IgM and IgG antibody results for Hantavirus.
PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information
Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.
Wednesday, Friday
Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.
Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test
Fees
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.
- Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
- Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
- Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.
Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.
Not Applicable
LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.
| Test Id | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| HANTI | Hantavirus IgM/IgG, Interpretation | No LOINC Needed |
| Result Id | Test Result Name |
Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
|
|---|---|---|
| HANTI | Hantavirus IgM/IgG, Interpretation | 69048-7 |