Test Id : DENGC
Dengue Virus, Molecular Detection, PCR, Spinal Fluid
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Aiding in the diagnosis of central nervous system infection caused by dengue virus
Highlights
Detection of dengue virus nucleic acid in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is suggestive of recent exposure or acute central nervous system infection with dengue virus.
The presence of dengue virus nucleic acid in CSF or serum can be used as a marker for acute-phase infection.
Patients with a history of symptoms for more than 1 week may be negative by molecular tests (ie, real-time polymerase chain reaction) and may require serologic testing to confirm the diagnosis of dengue virus infection.
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
For more information see
Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test
Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test
Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Dengue fever
Break Bone Fever
Flavivirus
Mosquito-borne infection
Arbovirus
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
For more information see
Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing
CSF
Ordering Guidance
The presence of dengue virus nucleic acid in cerebrospinal fluid or serum overlaps with the presence of dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen (DNSAG / Dengue Virus NS1 Antigen, Serum). Patients with a history of symptoms for more than 1 week may be negative by molecular tests (ie, real-time polymerase chain reaction) and may require serologic testing (DENVP / Dengue Virus Antibody/Antigen Panel, Serum) to confirm the diagnosis of dengue virus infection.
Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing
Collection Container/Tube:
Preferred: Vial number 2
Acceptable: Any vial number
Submission Container/Tube: Sterile screw cap vial
Specimen Volume: 0.5 mL
Collection Instructions: Do not centrifuge or heat inactivate.
Special Instructions
Library of PDFs including pertinent information and forms related to the test
Forms
If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send a Microbiology Test Request (T244)with the specimen.
Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the testing laboratory. The minimum volume is sufficient for one attempt at testing.
Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
| Heat-inactivated specimen | Reject |
Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| CSF | Refrigerated (preferred) | 7 days | |
| Frozen | 7 days |
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Aiding in the diagnosis of central nervous system infection caused by dengue virus
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
For more information see
Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Dengue virus (DV) is a globally distributed flavivirus with 4 distinct serotypes (DV-1, -2, -3, -4) primarily transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is found throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of over 100 countries. DV poses a significant worldwide public health threat with approximately 2.5 to 3 billion people residing in DV endemic areas, among whom 100 to 200 million individuals will be infected and approximately 30,000 patients will succumb to the disease annually.
Following dengue infection, the incubation period varies from 3 to 7 days. While some individuals remain asymptomatic, the majority will develop classic dengue fever. Symptomatic patients become acutely febrile and present with severe musculoskeletal pain, headache, retro-orbital pain, and a transient macular rash, most often observed in children. Fever defervescence signals disease resolution in most individuals. However, children and young adults remain at increased risk for progression to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, particularly during repeat infection with a new DV serotype.
Detection of DV nucleic acid in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a marker for central nervous system infection caused by this virus. Importantly, the period of time that the virus can be detected in serum and CSF is brief and, therefore, molecular testing should be performed within the first week following onset of symptoms. After this time, serologic testing is the preferred method for diagnosis of DV infection.
Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
Negative
Reference values apply to all ages.
Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Positive:
The detection of dengue virus nucleic acid in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is consistent with acute-phase infection of the central nervous system.
Dengue virus nucleic acid may be detectable during the first 1 to 7 days following the onset of symptoms.
Negative:
The absence of dengue nucleic acid in CSF is consistent with the lack of acute-phase infection.
Dengue virus nucleic acid may not be detected if the CSF specimen is collected immediately following dengue virus infection (<24-48 hours) and is rarely detectable following 7 days of symptoms.
Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Results should be used in conjunction with clinical presentation and exposure history.
Negative dengue virus (DV) polymerase chain reaction results may occur if the specimen was collected more than 7 days following symptom onset. Serologic testing for the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies to DV is recommended in such cases.
Supportive Data
Assay Inclusivity:
The Altona RealStar Dengue virus reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was tested using control strains of each of the 4 dengue serotypes and was able to detect serotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Accuracy:
A commercial panel (SeraCare) of known positive samples for dengue virus serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 was tested. Each member of the panel was tested in triplicate, and all replicates were positive by the Altona RealStar Dengue assay.
Thirty analyte-negative CSF samples were spiked (1:10 dilution) with plasma samples collected in South America during an outbreak of dengue virus and determined to be positive for the virus. Of the 30 spiked CSF samples, 29 (97%) were positive by the Altona RealStar Dengue RT-PCR assay.
Limit of Detection:
The limit of detection in CSF was determined to be the following:
Dengue serotype 1: 1.4 genomic targets/mcL (700 genomic targets/mL)
Dengue serotype 2: 2 genomic targets/mcL (1000 genomic targets/mL)
Dengue serotype 3: 1.6 genomic targets/mcL (800 genomic targets/mL)
Dengue serotype 4: 1.3 genomic targets/mcL (650 genomic targets/mL)
Reference Range (Analytical Specificity):
Twenty CSF samples collected for non-infectious diseases testing (eg, chemistry) were analyzed by the Altona RealStar Dengue RT-PCR assay, and all 20 were negative.
A cross-reactivity panel of bacteria (n=12), viruses (n=15), and parasites (n=2) was tested, and all were negative by the Altona Dengue RT-PCR assay.
Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Bhatt S, Gething PW, Brady OJ, et al. The global distribution and burden of dengue. Nature. 2013;496(7446):504-507
2. Dengue--an infectious disease of staggering proportions. Lancet. 2013;381(9884):2136
3. Rigau-Perez JG, Clark GG, Gubler DJ, Reiter P, Sanders EJ, Vorndam AV. Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Lancet. 1998;352(9132):971-977
4. Tang KF, Ooi EE. Diagnosis of dengue: an update. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2012;10(8):895-907
5. Guzman MG, Kouri G. Dengue diagnosis, advances and challenges. Int J Infect Dis. 2004;8(2):69-80
Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
The Altona Real Star DENV is a qualitative, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay targeting the 3' untranslated region polyprotein gene. The assay includes a heterologous amplification system (internal control: IC) to identify possible RT-PCR inhibition and to confirm the integrity of the reagents of the kit. Specimens are run on the LightCycler 480 following nucleic acid extraction using the NucliSENS EasyMag (BioMerieux). Real-time RT-PCR technology utilizes a reverse-transcriptase reaction to convert RNA into complementary DNA, PCR for the amplification of specific target sequences, and target specific probes for the detection of the amplified DNA. The probes are labelled with fluorescent reporter and quencher dyes. Probes specific for DENV RNA are labelled with the fluorophore FAM. The probe specific for the IC is labeled with the fluorophore JOE. Using probes linked to distinguishable dyes enables the parallel detection of DENV specific RNA and the IC in corresponding detector channels of the real-time PCR instrument.(Package insert: RealStar Dengue RT-PCR Kit 2.0. Altona Diagnostics; 01/2017)
PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information
Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.
Tuesday, Thursday
Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.
Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test
Fees :
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.
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- Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.
Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.
This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
87798
LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.
| Test Id | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| DENGC | Dengue Virus, PCR, CSF | 77958-7 |
| Result Id | Test Result Name |
Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
|
|---|---|---|
| 606371 | Dengue Virus, PCR, CSF | 77958-7 |