Test Id : MPCDS
mSMART, Plasma Cell Proliferative Disorder, FISH, Bone Marrow
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Aiding in the diagnosis of new cases of multiple myeloma or other plasma cell proliferative disorders as a part of a profile
Identifying prognostic markers based on the anomalies found
Reflex Tests
Lists tests that may or may not be performed, at an additional charge, depending on the result and interpretation of the initial tests.
| Test Id | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
|---|---|---|---|
| MPCDB | Probe, Each Additional (MPCDS) | No, (Bill Only) | No |
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
This test is designed for diagnostic specimens from patients with multiple myeloma or other plasma cell proliferative disorders.
For diagnostic samples, all probes in the initial panel will be evaluated if sufficient plasma cells are identified. The initial panel includes testing for the following the probes listed:
17p-, TP53/D17Z1
1q gain, TP73/1q22
14q32 rearrangement, IGH break-apart
8q24.1 rearrangement, MYC break-apart
Based on the results from the initial panel, reflex testing may be performed to identify the following abnormalities using the probes listed:
t(11;14)(q13;q32), CCND1/IGH fusion
t(14;16)(q32;q23) IGH/MAF fusion
t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) FGFR3/IGH fusion
t(14;20)(q32;q12) IGH/MAFB fusion
t(6;14)(p21;q32) CCND3/IGH fusion
Hyperdiploidy will be evaluated and reported by flow cytometry as part of this evaluation and incorporated into the final interpretation. For samples with an unsuccessful flow evaluation for hyperdiploidy and with sufficient plasma cells, fluorescence in situ hybridization testing for the following abnormalities will be performed using the probes listed:
+3/+7, D3Z1/D7Z1
+9/+15, D9Z1/D15Z4
For specimens sent for follow-up testing after completion of initial testing, the following probes will be evaluated if sufficient plasma cells are identified:
17p-, TP53/D17Z1
1q gain, TP73/1q22
8q24.1 rearrangement, MYC break-apart
Based on the results from the initial follow-up panel, reflex testing may be performed to identify the following high- risk abnormalities that were originally identified in the diagnostic specimen, using the probes listed:
t(14;16)(q32;q23) IGH/MAF fusion
t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) FGFR3/IGH fusion
t(14;20)(q32;q12) IGH/MAFB fusion
If a diagnostic sample was uninformative for a probe set due to an insufficient number of plasma cells, attempts may be made to achieve results for the missing probe on a subsequent sample (if sufficient plasma cells are identified).
Appropriate ancillary probes may be performed at consultant discretion to render comprehensive assessment. Any additional probes will have the results included within the final report and will be performed at an additional charge.
Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test
Only orderable as part of a profile. For more information see MSMRT / Mayo Algorithmic Approach for Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy Report, Bone Marrow.
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)
NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
This test is designed for diagnostic specimens from patients with multiple myeloma or other plasma cell proliferative disorders.
For diagnostic samples, all probes in the initial panel will be evaluated if sufficient plasma cells are identified. The initial panel includes testing for the following the probes listed:
17p-, TP53/D17Z1
1q gain, TP73/1q22
14q32 rearrangement, IGH break-apart
8q24.1 rearrangement, MYC break-apart
Based on the results from the initial panel, reflex testing may be performed to identify the following abnormalities using the probes listed:
t(11;14)(q13;q32), CCND1/IGH fusion
t(14;16)(q32;q23) IGH/MAF fusion
t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) FGFR3/IGH fusion
t(14;20)(q32;q12) IGH/MAFB fusion
t(6;14)(p21;q32) CCND3/IGH fusion
Hyperdiploidy will be evaluated and reported by flow cytometry as part of this evaluation and incorporated into the final interpretation. For samples with an unsuccessful flow evaluation for hyperdiploidy and with sufficient plasma cells, fluorescence in situ hybridization testing for the following abnormalities will be performed using the probes listed:
+3/+7, D3Z1/D7Z1
+9/+15, D9Z1/D15Z4
For specimens sent for follow-up testing after completion of initial testing, the following probes will be evaluated if sufficient plasma cells are identified:
17p-, TP53/D17Z1
1q gain, TP73/1q22
8q24.1 rearrangement, MYC break-apart
Based on the results from the initial follow-up panel, reflex testing may be performed to identify the following high- risk abnormalities that were originally identified in the diagnostic specimen, using the probes listed:
t(14;16)(q32;q23) IGH/MAF fusion
t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) FGFR3/IGH fusion
t(14;20)(q32;q12) IGH/MAFB fusion
If a diagnostic sample was uninformative for a probe set due to an insufficient number of plasma cells, attempts may be made to achieve results for the missing probe on a subsequent sample (if sufficient plasma cells are identified).
Appropriate ancillary probes may be performed at consultant discretion to render comprehensive assessment. Any additional probes will have the results included within the final report and will be performed at an additional charge.
Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing
Bone Marrow
Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing
Only orderable as part of a profile. For more information see MSMRT / Mayo Algorithmic Approach for Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy Report, Bone Marrow.
Specimen Type: Redirected bone marrow
Preferred: Yellow top (ACD)
Acceptable: Lavender top (EDTA) or green top (heparin)
Specimen Volume: 4 mL
Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the testing laboratory. The minimum volume is sufficient for one attempt at testing.
2 mL
Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bone Marrow | Ambient (preferred) | ||
| Refrigerated | |||
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Aiding in the diagnosis of new cases of multiple myeloma or other plasma cell proliferative disorders as a part of a profile
Identifying prognostic markers based on the anomalies found
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
This test is designed for diagnostic specimens from patients with multiple myeloma or other plasma cell proliferative disorders.
For diagnostic samples, all probes in the initial panel will be evaluated if sufficient plasma cells are identified. The initial panel includes testing for the following the probes listed:
17p-, TP53/D17Z1
1q gain, TP73/1q22
14q32 rearrangement, IGH break-apart
8q24.1 rearrangement, MYC break-apart
Based on the results from the initial panel, reflex testing may be performed to identify the following abnormalities using the probes listed:
t(11;14)(q13;q32), CCND1/IGH fusion
t(14;16)(q32;q23) IGH/MAF fusion
t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) FGFR3/IGH fusion
t(14;20)(q32;q12) IGH/MAFB fusion
t(6;14)(p21;q32) CCND3/IGH fusion
Hyperdiploidy will be evaluated and reported by flow cytometry as part of this evaluation and incorporated into the final interpretation. For samples with an unsuccessful flow evaluation for hyperdiploidy and with sufficient plasma cells, fluorescence in situ hybridization testing for the following abnormalities will be performed using the probes listed:
+3/+7, D3Z1/D7Z1
+9/+15, D9Z1/D15Z4
For specimens sent for follow-up testing after completion of initial testing, the following probes will be evaluated if sufficient plasma cells are identified:
17p-, TP53/D17Z1
1q gain, TP73/1q22
8q24.1 rearrangement, MYC break-apart
Based on the results from the initial follow-up panel, reflex testing may be performed to identify the following high- risk abnormalities that were originally identified in the diagnostic specimen, using the probes listed:
t(14;16)(q32;q23) IGH/MAF fusion
t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) FGFR3/IGH fusion
t(14;20)(q32;q12) IGH/MAFB fusion
If a diagnostic sample was uninformative for a probe set due to an insufficient number of plasma cells, attempts may be made to achieve results for the missing probe on a subsequent sample (if sufficient plasma cells are identified).
Appropriate ancillary probes may be performed at consultant discretion to render comprehensive assessment. Any additional probes will have the results included within the final report and will be performed at an additional charge.
Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Multiple myeloma is a hematologic neoplasm that generally originates in the bone marrow and develops from malignant plasma cells. There are 4 main categories of plasma cell proliferative disorders: monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases (amyloidosis), plasmacytoma, and multiple myeloma. MGUS, which occurs in 3% to 4% of individuals over age 50 years, represents the identification of an asymptomatic monoclonal protein, yet approximately 1% per year will progress to multiple myeloma. Amyloidosis represents a rare group of deposition disorders including primary amyloidosis vs. light-chain and heavy-chain disease. Plasmacytomas represent isolated collections of bone or extramedullary plasma cells with a risk for development of multiple myeloma. Generalized bone pain, anemia, limb numbness or weakness, symptoms of hypercalcemia, and recurrent infections are all symptoms that may indicate multiple myeloma.
As myeloma progresses, the malignant plasma cells interfere with normal blood product formation in the bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia. Myeloma also causes an overstimulation of osteoclasts, causing excessive breakdown of bone tissue without the normal corresponding bone formation. These bone lesions are seen in approximately 66% of myeloma patients. In advanced disease, bone loss may reach a degree where the patient suffers fractures easily.
Multiple myeloma is increasingly recognized as a disease characterized by marked cytogenetic, molecular, and proliferative heterogeneity. This heterogeneity is manifested clinically by varying degrees of disease aggressiveness. Patients with more aggressive multiple myeloma experience suboptimal responses to some therapeutic approaches; therefore, identifying these patients is critically important for selecting appropriate treatment options.
Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
Only orderable as part of a profile. For more information see MSMRT / Mayo Algorithmic Approach for Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy Report, Bone Marrow.
An interpretive report will be provided.
Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
A neoplastic clone is detected when the percent of cells with an abnormality exceeds the normal reference range for any given probe.
The absence of an abnormal clone does not rule out the presence of neoplastic disorder.
Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
This test is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and it is best used as an adjunct to clinical and pathologic information.
Supportive Data
Each probe was independently tested and verified on unstimulated peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens. Normal cutoffs were calculated based on the results of 25 normal specimens. Each probe set was evaluated to confirm the probe set detected the abnormality it was designed to detect.
Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al, eds: WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 4th ed. IARC Press; 2017. WHO Classification of Tumours, Vol 2
2. Kumar SK, Rajkumar SV: The multiple myelomas-current concepts in cytogenetic classification and therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2018 Jul;15(7):409-421. doi: 10.1038/s41571-018-0018-y
3. Rajkumar SV, Landgren O, Mateos MV: Smoldering multiple myeloma. Blood. 2015 May 14;125(20):3069-3075. doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-09-568899
4. Muchtar E, Dispenzieri A, Kumar SK, et al: Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization in untreated AL amyloidosis has an independent prognostic impact by abnormality type and treatment category. Leukemia. 2017 Jul;31(7);1562-1569. doi: 10.1038/leu.2016.369
5. Lakshman A, Paul S, Rajkumar SV, et al: Prognostic significance of interphase FISH in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Leukemia. 2018 Aug;32(8);1811-1815. doi: 10.1038/s41375-018-0030-3
6. Bochtler T, Hegenbart U, Kunz C, et al: Prognostic impact of cytogenetic aberrations in AL amyloidosis patients after high-dose melphalan: a long-term follow-up study. Blood. 2016 Jul 28;128(4):594-602. doi: 10.1182/blood-2015-10-676361
7. Treatment guidelines: multiple myeloma. mSMART 3.0. Accessed May 09, 2023. Available at www.msmart.org/mm-treatment-guidelines
Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
This test is performed using commercially available and laboratory-developed probes. Deletion or monosomy of chromosome 17, copy number gain of 1q, and additional copies of chromosomes 3, 7, 9, and 15 are detected using enumeration strategy probes. Translocations involving IGH are detected using dual-color, dual-fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization strategy probes. Rearrangement of IGH and MYC are detected using a break-apart strategy probe. For each probe set, 50 plasma cells (if possible) are scored and the result for each probe is reported. (Unpublished Mayo method)
PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information
Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.
Monday through Friday
Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.
Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test
Fees :
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.
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- Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
- Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.
Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.
This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
88271 x 2, 88274, 88291-FISH Probe, Analysis, Interpretation; 1 probe set
88271 x 2, 88274-FISH Probe, Analysis; each additional probe set (if appropriate)
LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.
| Test Id | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| MPCDS | mSMART Eval, PCPDs, FISH | 93357-2 |
| Result Id | Test Result Name |
Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
|
|---|---|---|
| 606091 | mSMART Result Summary | 62357-9 |
| 606092 | mSMART Evaluation | 57802-1 |
| 606093 | Interpretation | 69965-2 |
| 606094 | Result Table | 93356-4 |
| 606095 | Result | 62356-1 |
| 606096 | Reason for Referral | 42349-1 |
| 606097 | Specimen | 31208-2 |
| 606098 | Source | 85298-8 |
| 606099 | Method | 85069-3 |
| 606100 | Additional Information | 48767-8 |
| 606101 | Disclaimer | 62364-5 |
| 606102 | Released By | 18771-6 |