Test Id : URNS
Bacterial Culture, Aerobic, with Antimicrobial Susceptibilities, Urine
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Diagnosing urinary tract infections
May be helpful in discriminating contamination, colonization, and infection
Determining the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of potentially pathogenic aerobic bacteria, if appropriate
This test is not intended for medicolegal use.
Reflex Tests
Lists tests that may or may not be performed, at an additional charge, depending on the result and interpretation of the initial tests.
| Test Id | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
|---|---|---|---|
| COMM | Identification Commercial Kit | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| RMALD | Ident by MALDI-TOF mass spec | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| GID | Bacteria Identification | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| REFID | Additional Identification Procedure | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| STAP | Identification Staphylococcus | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| STRP | Identification Streptococcus | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| SALS | Serologic Agglut Method 1 Ident | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| EC | Serologic Agglut Method 2 Ident | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| SHIG | Serologic Agglut Method 3 Ident | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| SIDC | Ident Serologic Agglut Method 4 | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| ISAE | Aerobe Ident by Sequencing | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| PCRID | Identification by PCR | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| BLA | Beta Lactamase | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| MIC | Susceptibility, MIC | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| SUS | Susceptibility | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| MECAB | mecA PCR Test, Bill Only | No, (Bill Only) | No |
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
When this test is ordered, the reflex tests may be performed at an additional charge. Antimicrobial agents appropriate to the organism and specimen source will be tested according to Mayo Clinic's practice and the laboratory's standard operating procedures.
The following tables list the antimicrobials routinely tested in the laboratory as well as antimicrobials that may be tested upon request. These tables are organized by isolate groups and are not all inclusive. Call 800-533-1710 and ask to speak to the Bacteriology Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Laboratory if the organism or antimicrobial of interest are not listed in these tables.
-Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli Antimicrobials
-Additional Gram-Negative Bacteria Antimicrobials
-Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Bacillus, and Related Genera Antimicrobials
Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test
Conventional Quantitative Culture Technique/Identification of Pathogens with Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) (Agar Dilution or Broth Microdilution or Gradient Diffusion) or Disk Diffusion, (if appropriate)
NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test
Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Culture, Aerobic Bacteria, Urine
Aerobic Bacteria Culture, Urine
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
When this test is ordered, the reflex tests may be performed at an additional charge. Antimicrobial agents appropriate to the organism and specimen source will be tested according to Mayo Clinic's practice and the laboratory's standard operating procedures.
The following tables list the antimicrobials routinely tested in the laboratory as well as antimicrobials that may be tested upon request. These tables are organized by isolate groups and are not all inclusive. Call 800-533-1710 and ask to speak to the Bacteriology Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Laboratory if the organism or antimicrobial of interest are not listed in these tables.
-Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli Antimicrobials
-Additional Gram-Negative Bacteria Antimicrobials
-Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Bacillus, and Related Genera Antimicrobials
Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing
Urine
Shipping Instructions
Specimen must arrive within 72 hours of collection.
Necessary Information
Specimen source is required.
ORDER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
| Question ID | Description | Answers |
|---|---|---|
| Q00M0061 | Specimen Source |
Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing
Supplies: Boric Acid Urine Preservative Tube, 4 mL (T996)
Collection Container/Tube: Clean, plastic urine collection container
Submission Container/Tube: Commercially available transport system intended for the collection and transport of urine samples for culture and sensitivity testing of bacteria (4 mL of lyophilized maintenance formula; BD Vacutainer C and S Preservative and BD Vacutainer C and S Boric Acid Sodium Borate/Formate)
Specimen Volume: 4 mL
Collection Instructions:
1. Collect a random urine specimen.
2. Transfer 4 mL into the boric acid transport tube.
3. Send ambient in transport tube. Do not aliquot from transport tube.
Additional Information: Aliquots from transport tube and frozen specimens are not acceptable.
Specimen Stability Information: Ambient 72 hours
Special Instructions
Library of PDFs including pertinent information and forms related to the test
Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the testing laboratory. The minimum volume is sufficient for one attempt at testing.
See Specimen Required
Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
| Frozen specimens | Reject |
| Aliquots from transport tubes | Reject |
Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Urine | Varies | ||
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Diagnosing urinary tract infections
May be helpful in discriminating contamination, colonization, and infection
Determining the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of potentially pathogenic aerobic bacteria, if appropriate
This test is not intended for medicolegal use.
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
When this test is ordered, the reflex tests may be performed at an additional charge. Antimicrobial agents appropriate to the organism and specimen source will be tested according to Mayo Clinic's practice and the laboratory's standard operating procedures.
The following tables list the antimicrobials routinely tested in the laboratory as well as antimicrobials that may be tested upon request. These tables are organized by isolate groups and are not all inclusive. Call 800-533-1710 and ask to speak to the Bacteriology Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Laboratory if the organism or antimicrobial of interest are not listed in these tables.
-Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli Antimicrobials
-Additional Gram-Negative Bacteria Antimicrobials
-Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Bacillus, and Related Genera Antimicrobials
Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Urinary tract infection (UTI) encompasses a broad range of clinical entities that vary in their clinical presentation, degree of tissue invasion, epidemiologic setting, and antibiotic therapy requirements. There are 4 major types of UTIs: urethritis, cystitis, acute urethral syndrome, and pyelonephritis. UTIs may also be classified as uncomplicated or complicated. Escherichia coli is the leading cause of uncomplicated community-acquired UTI. Risk factors that predispose one to complicated UTIs include underlying diseases that are associated with kidney infection (eg, diabetes); kidney stones; structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities and indwelling urinary catheters. Another classification of UTIs is as upper UTI (related to the kidney, renal pelvis, or ureter) or lower UTI (urinary bladder and urethra). The classic symptoms of upper UTI are fever (often with chills) and flank pain. Frequent painful urination, urgency, and dysuria are more often associated with lower UTI.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing determines the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of selected antimicrobial agents against isolated potentially disease-causing bacteria. The MIC is the lowest antimicrobial concentration (of a series of increasing concentrations) that inhibits growth of the bacterium. Agar dilution MIC testing is performed by testing for growth of bacteria on agar plates containing varying concentrations of antimicrobial agents.
For each organism-antimicrobial agent combination, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and/or the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing provides interpretive criteria for determining whether the MIC should be interpreted as susceptible, susceptible-dose dependent, intermediate, nonsusceptible, resistant, or epidemiological cutoff value.
Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
No growth, Organism present less than 10,000 cfu/mL or urogenital microbiota.
Identification of probable pathogens with colony count ranges.
Susceptibility results are reported as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in mcg/mL. Breakpoints (also known as clinical breakpoints) are used to categorize an organism as susceptible, susceptible-dose dependent, intermediate, resistant, or nonsusceptible according to breakpoint setting organizations, either the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) or the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST), as applicable.
In some instances, an interpretive category cannot be provided based on available data; therefore, the following comment will be included in the report: There are no established interpretive guidelines for agents reported without interpretations.
For information regarding CLSI and EUCAST susceptibility interpretations, see Susceptibility Interpretative Category Definitions.
Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
In general, the isolation of more than 100,000 colony forming units (cfu)/mL of a urinary disease-causing organism is indicative of urinary tract infection (UTI) however, pediatric patients (< or =2 years of age) may have symptomatic UTI at a lower threshold, or more than 50,000 cfu/mL. Isolation of 2 or more organisms with more than 10,000 cfu/mL may suggest specimen contamination. For specimens contaminated with the usual bacterial urogenital microbiota, bacteria that are potentially disease-causing are identified.
A "susceptible" category result and a low minimal inhibitory concentration value indicate in vitro susceptibility of the organism to the antimicrobial tested.
Refer to the Reference Values section for interpretation of various antimicrobial susceptibility interpretive categories (ie, susceptible, susceptible-dose dependent, intermediate, nonsusceptible, resistant, or epidemiological cutoff value.
Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Although urine is normally sterile, contamination by organisms normally present in the urethra or on periurethral surfaces can allow a proliferation of these organisms yielding misleading urine culture results.
Urine held at ambient temperature for more than 30 minutes supports the growth of both disease-causing organisms and contaminants, leading to potentially inaccurate colony counts.
Urine obtained from catheter bags at the bedside and Foley catheter tips are unacceptable for culture.
When antimicrobial susceptibilities are performed, in vitro susceptibility does not guarantee clinical response. Therefore, the decision to treat with a particular agent should not be based solely on the antimicrobial susceptibility testing result.
Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Forbes BA, Sahm DF, Weissfeld AS. Infections of the urinary tract. In: Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology. 12th ed. Mosby; 2007:842-855
2. Miller JM, Binnicker JM, Campbell S, et al. A guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2018 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Society for Microbiology. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;67(6):e1-e94. doi:10.1093/cid/ciy381
3. Procop GW, Church DL, Hall GS, et al. Introduction to microbiology part II: Guidelines for the collection, transport, processing, analysis, and reporting of cultures from specific specimen sources. In: Koneman's Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. 7th ed. Wolters Kluwer Health; 2017:66-110
4. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI): Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 34th ed. CLSI supplement M100. CLSI; 2024;4-6, 7-9, 338-341
Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
The urine specimen is inoculated onto sheep blood agar and eosin methylene blue agar using a calibrated loop. Following 18 to 24 hours of incubation, semiquantitative colony counts are determined and disease-causing organisms or possible disease-causing organisms are identified using one or a combination of the following techniques: commercial identification strips or panels, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, conventional biochemical tests, carbon source utilization, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and nucleic acid sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Cultures with fewer than 10,000 colony-forming unit (cfu)/mL of a single species are reported as "Organism present <10,000 cfu/mL." The presence of commensal microbiota of the urethra (contaminants) and mixed cultures of organisms present in colony counts below 10,000 cfu/mL are reported as "Urogenital microbiota."(Chan WW. Urine cultures. In: Leber AL, ed. Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook. Vol 1. 4th ed. ASM Press; 2016:section 3.12)
When antimicrobial susceptibility testing is performed, an agar dilution method is used for routine testing. The agar dilution method employs the use of antimicrobial agents incorporated in agar plates. The antimicrobial is added to agar in various concentrations depending upon levels attainable in serum, urine, or both. A standardized suspension of the organism is applied to the agar plates, which are incubated for a minimum of 16 to 18 hours at 35 degrees C. Complete inhibition of all but one colony or a very fine residual haze represents the endpoint.(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [CLSI]: Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically. 11th ed. CLSI standard M07. CLSI; 2018)
Daptomycin and tigecycline are tested by agar gradient diffusion.(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [CLSI]: Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically. 11th ed. CLSI standard M07. CLSI; 2018; package insert: Etest Biomerieux;15203E-EN-2016/07. Available at www.biomerieux.com/techlib)
Cefiderocol is tested by disk diffusion.(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [CLSI]: Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests. 13th ed. CLSI standard M02. CLSI; 2018)
PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information
Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.
Monday through Sunday
Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.
Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test
Fees :
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.
- Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
- Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
- Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.
Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.
This test has been cleared, approved, or is exempt by the US Food and Drug Administration and is used per manufacturer's instructions. Performance characteristics were verified by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements.
CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
87086-Bacterial Culture, Aerobic, Urine
87077-Identification commercial kit (if appropriate)
87077-Ident by MALDI-TOF mass spec (if appropriate)
87077-Bacteria Identification (if appropriate)
87077-Additional Identification procedure (if appropriate)
87077-Identification Staphylococcus (if appropriate)
87077-Identification Streptococcus (if appropriate)
87147 x 1-3-Serologic agglut method 1 ident (if appropriate)
87147-Serologic agglut method 2 ident (if appropriate)
87147 x 4-Serologic agglut method 3 ident (if appropriate)
87147 x 2-6-Serologic Agglut Method 4 Ident (if appropriate)
87153-Aerobe ident by sequencing (if appropriate)
87150-Identification by PCR (if appropriate)
87185-Beta lactamase (if appropriate)
87186-Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Aerobic Bacteria, MIC-per organism for routine battery (if appropriate)
87181-Susceptibility per drug and per organism for drugs not in routine battery (if appropriate)
87150-mec A PCR (if appropriate)
87150 x 5 Carbapenem resistance genes (if appropriate)
LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.
| Test Id | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| URNS | Bacterial Culture, Aerobic + Susc | 630-4 |
| Result Id | Test Result Name |
Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
|
|---|---|---|
| URNS | Bacterial Culture, Aerobic + Susc | 630-4 |