Test Id : WHIPB
Tropheryma whipplei, Molecular Detection, PCR, Blood
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Aiding in the diagnosis of Whipple disease, especially for identifying inconclusive or suspicious cases, using whole blood specimens
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
For more information see Infective Endocarditis: Diagnostic Testing for Identification of Microbiological Etiology
Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test
Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
T. whipplei
Tropheryma whipplei
Whipple's Disease Associated Bacillus (Tropheryma whipplei)
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
For more information see Infective Endocarditis: Diagnostic Testing for Identification of Microbiological Etiology
Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing
Whole Blood EDTA
Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing
The high sensitivity of amplification by polymerase chain reaction requires the specimen to be processed in an environment in which contamination of the specimen by Tropheryma whipplei DNA is unlikely.
Container/Tube:
Preferred: Lavender top (EDTA)
Acceptable: Royal blue top (EDTA), pink top (EDTA), or sterile vial containing EDTA-derived aliquot
Specimen Volume: 1 mL
Collection Instructions: Send whole blood specimen in original tube (preferred)
Special Instructions
Library of PDFs including pertinent information and forms related to the test
Forms
If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send 1 of the following forms with the specimen:
-Microbiology Test Request (T244)
Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the testing laboratory. The minimum volume is sufficient for one attempt at testing.
0.5 mL
Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whole Blood EDTA | Refrigerated (preferred) | 7 days | |
| Ambient | 7 days | ||
| Frozen | 7 days |
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Aiding in the diagnosis of Whipple disease, especially for identifying inconclusive or suspicious cases, using whole blood specimens
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
For more information see Infective Endocarditis: Diagnostic Testing for Identification of Microbiological Etiology
Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Whipple disease is a chronic, systemic illness that, in the majority of cases, involves the small intestine and its lymphatic drainage. The disease primarily affects adults of middle age, with a peak incidence in the third and fourth decades of life. Clinical findings may include malabsorption, chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, arthralgia, fever, and central nervous system symptoms.
Pathologic changes associated with Whipple disease are distinctive, with diagnosis dependent on histologic examination of biopsy specimens from involved tissues. Electron microscopic or special high-resolution light microscopic examination of the lamina propria of the small intestine of patients with untreated Whipple disease reveals many rod-shaped bacillary organisms. These tiny bacilli, referred to as Whipple bacilli, measure about 0.25 micrometer long and are seen as periodic acid-Schiff-positive granules within macrophages. These inclusions represent fragments of the cell walls from degenerating bacilli.
Culture of Whipple bacilli from biopsy material is laborious, and the organism is very slow growing. Definitive identification of the Whipple-associated bacillus has been difficult because of these limitations. Molecular techniques using polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing allow classification of this bacillus as an actinomycete not closely related to any other known species, which has been named Tropheryma whipplei.
Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
Not applicable
Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
A positive result indicates the presence of Tropheryma whipplei DNA.
A negative result indicates the absence of detectable T whipplei DNA, but it does not negate the presence of the organism and may occur due to inhibition of polymerase chain reaction, sequence variability underlying primers or probes, or the presence of T whipplei DNA in quantities less than the limit of detection of the assay.
Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Test results should be used as an aid in diagnosis and not be
Supportive Data
A total of 321 clinical specimens (including blood, tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and synovial fluid) were evaluated for the presence of Tropheryma whipplei DNA by targeting the heat shock protein 65 gene using the LightCycler Whip assay and results were compared to those of a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The sensitivity and specificity of the LightCycler Whip assay compared to conventional PCR were 98% and 99%, respectively. The analytical sensitivity was less than 50 targets per reaction. The LightCycler Whip showed no cross reaction when tested on a panel of 28 organism genotypically closely related to T whipplei by BLAST analysis.
Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Ramzan NN, Loftus E Jr, Burgart LJ, et al: Diagnosis and monitoring of Whipple disease by polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1997;126:520-527
2. Morgenegg S, Dutly F, Altwegg M: Cloning and sequencing of a part of the heat shock protein 65 gene (hsp65) of "Tropheryma whippleii" and its use for detection of "T whipplei" in clinical specimens by PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:2248-2253
3. von Herbay A, Ditton HJ, Schuhmacher F, Maiwald M, : Whipple's disease: staging and monitoring by cytology and polymerase chain reaction analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. Gastroenterology. 1997;113(2):434-441
4. Dolmans RA, Boel CH, Lacle MM, Kusters JG: Clinical manifestations, treatment, and diagnosis of Tropheryma whipplei infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017 Apr;30(2):529-555. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00033-16
Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
Nucleic acid is extracted from all specimens using the MagNA Pure extraction system. The resulting nucleic acid is tested for the presence of the target DNA of Tropheryma whipplei using the LightCycler real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The instrument amplifies and continuously monitors the development of target nucleic acid using fluorescent resonance emission technology after each cycle. Analysis of the PCR amplification and probe melting curves is accomplished through the use of the LightCycler software.(Sloan LM, Rosenblatt JE, Cockerill FR III: Detection of Tropheryma whipplei DNA in clinical specimens by LightCycler real-time PCR. J Clin Microobiol. 2005;43:3516-3518; Geibdorfer W, Moter A, Bogdan C: Tropheryma whipplei, In: Carroll K, Pfaller M, eds. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 12th ed. ASM Press; 2019:1189-1197)
PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information
Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.
Monday through Friday
Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.
Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test
Fees :
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.
- Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
- Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
- Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.
Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.
This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
87798
LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.
| Test Id | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| WHIPB | Tropheryma whipplei PCR, B | 97205-9 |
| Result Id | Test Result Name |
Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
|
|---|---|---|
| SRC89 | Specimen Source | 31208-2 |
| 56064 | Tropheryma whipplei PCR, B, Result | 97205-9 |