Test Id : NGPCM
MayoComplete Plasma Cell Myeloma, Next-Generation Sequencing, Varies
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Evaluating multiple myeloma at the time of diagnosis and at disease relapse or when changing clinical management to provide prognostic information and determine potential therapeutic implications
Genetics Test Information
Provides information that may help with selection of the correct genetic test or proper submission of the test request
This test includes next-generation sequencing to evaluate the following 26 genes and select intronic regions: BIRC3, BRAF, CCND1, CDKN2A, CRBN, CUL4A, CUL4B, CXCR4, DIS3, EGFR, IDH1, IDH2, IKZF1, IKZF3, KRAS, MYC, MYD88, NRAS, NSD2, PIK3CA, PIM1, STAT3, TENT5C, TP53, TRAF3, and XBP1.
Highlights
Next-generation sequencing detection of somatic gene variations in plasma cell myeloma may have prognostic and potential therapeutic implications. This test is appropriate for diagnosis and disease relapse.
Reflex Tests
Lists tests that may or may not be performed, at an additional charge, depending on the result and interpretation of the initial tests.
Test Id | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
---|---|---|---|
CSPMM | NGPCM Pre-Analysis Cell Sorting, BM | No | No |
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
For a list of the genes and exons targeted by this assay, see Targeted Genes Interrogated by MayoComplete Plasma Cell Myeloma Next-Generation Sequencing.
Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test
Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)
NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test
Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Multiple myeloma
Next gen sequencing of myeloma
Next gen sequencing of plasma cell myeloma
Next Gen Sequencing Test
NGPCM
NGSMM
NGS cancer panel, multiple myeloma
Somatic mutation detection by next generation sequencing (NGS), myeloma
Mayo Complete
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
For a list of the genes and exons targeted by this assay, see Targeted Genes Interrogated by MayoComplete Plasma Cell Myeloma Next-Generation Sequencing.
Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing
Varies
Shipping Instructions
Bone marrow aspirate samples must arrive within 4 days of collection.
ORDER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Question ID | Description | Answers |
---|---|---|
MP074 | Specimen Type |
Bone marrow PET Bone marrow clot Slides - bone marrow clot |
MP075 | Indication for Test |
Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing
Submit only 1 of the following specimens:
Specimen Type: Bone marrow aspirate
Container/Tube: Lavender or pink top (EDTA) or yellow top (ACD)
Specimen Volume: 2 mL
Collection Instructions:
1. Minimum plasma cell percentage is 5%.
2. Invert several times to mix bone marrow.
3. Send bone marrow specimen in original tube. Do not aliquot.
4. Label specimen as bone marrow.
5. Fresh specimen is required for this test, as testing is performed on sorted cells.
Specimen Stability Information: Ambient (preferred) 4 days/Refrigerate
Additional Information: To ensure minimum volume and concentration of DNA are met, the requested volume must be submitted. Testing may be canceled if DNA requirements are inadequate.
Specimen Type: Paraffin-embedded bone marrow clot
Container/Tube: Paraffin block
1. Send 1 hematoxylin and eosin-stained slide in addition to the paraffin block.
2. Minimum plasma cell percentage is 20%.
3. Required amount of tissue area is at least 25 mm(2).
4. Tissue should be fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin. Other fixatives are not acceptable.
5. Decalcified specimens (eg, bone marrow core biopsies) are not acceptable.
Specimen Stability Information: Ambient
Additional Information: If the quality of the specimen is poor or the plasma cell population is below 20%, testing should not be ordered. Testing may be canceled if DNA requirements are inadequate.
Specimen Type: Tissue slide, bone marrow clot
Slides: 10 unstained slides
Container/Tube: Transport in plastic slide holders.
Collection Instructions:
1. Send 10 unstained, nonbaked slides with 5-micron thick sections of tissue and 1 hematoxylin and eosin-stained slide.
2. Minimum amount of plasma cell percentage is 20%.
4. Required amount of tissue area is at least 25 mm(2).
5. Tissue should be fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin. Other fixatives are not acceptable.
6. Decalcified specimens (eg, bone marrow core biopsies) are not acceptable.
Specimen Stability Information: Ambient
Additional Information: Testing may be canceled if resultant extracted DNA does not meet concentration requirements.
Special Instructions
Library of PDFs including pertinent information and forms related to the test
Forms
1. Hematopathology Patient Information (T676)
2. If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send an Hematopathology/Cytogenetics Test Request (T726) with the specimen.
Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the testing laboratory. The minimum volume is sufficient for one attempt at testing.
Bone marrow aspirate: 1 mL
Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
Gross hemolysis | Reject |
Gross lipemia | OK |
Specimens that have been decalcified (all methods) Bone marrow core biopsies Paraffin shavings Frozen tissue Extracted DNA Moderately to severely clotted bone marrow aspirate | Reject |
Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included
Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
---|---|---|---|
Varies | Varies |
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Evaluating multiple myeloma at the time of diagnosis and at disease relapse or when changing clinical management to provide prognostic information and determine potential therapeutic implications
Genetics Test Information
Provides information that may help with selection of the correct genetic test or proper submission of the test request
This test includes next-generation sequencing to evaluate the following 26 genes and select intronic regions: BIRC3, BRAF, CCND1, CDKN2A, CRBN, CUL4A, CUL4B, CXCR4, DIS3, EGFR, IDH1, IDH2, IKZF1, IKZF3, KRAS, MYC, MYD88, NRAS, NSD2, PIK3CA, PIM1, STAT3, TENT5C, TP53, TRAF3, and XBP1.
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
For a list of the genes and exons targeted by this assay, see Targeted Genes Interrogated by MayoComplete Plasma Cell Myeloma Next-Generation Sequencing.
Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of bone marrow plasma cells with an annual global incidence of nearly 200,000. Comprehensive clinical, radiologic, and laboratory evaluation can initially stratify patients by disease phase and burden. Cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies are important to help classify MM into standard, intermediate, and high-risk groups. Advances in nontargeted therapies, including autologous bone marrow transplantation, have significantly improved the outcome of many patients; however, most patients with myeloma suffer relapse after initial treatment. Clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has enabled a deeper and more detailed evaluation of MM genetics. Testing allows for further risk categorization of the disease through the identification of additional genetic abnormalities of prognostic and potentially therapeutic value. Application of targeted NGS-based analysis is a useful adjunct to the standard evaluation of MM patients at diagnosis and relapse. This test comprises a DNA-based multigene panel that includes preanalytic plasma cell enrichment, NGS, and detailed analysis, resulting in a clinical report.
Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
An interpretive report will be provided.
Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Genomic variants detected by this test will be documented in a detailed laboratory-issued report. This report will contain information regarding the detected alterations and their associations with prognosis or possible therapeutic implications in plasma cell myeloma. The information in the clinical report may be used by the patient’s clinician to help guide decisions concerning management. Final interpretation of next-generation sequencing results requires correlation with all relevant clinical, pathologic, and laboratory findings and is the responsibility of the managing clinician.
Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
This test is a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel assay that encompasses 26 genes with variable full exon, partial region (including select intronic or noncoding regions), or hot spot coverage (depending on specific genetic locus). Therefore, this test will not detect other genetic abnormalities in genes or regions outside the specified target areas. The test detects single base substitutions (ie, point mutations), as well as small insertion or deletion type events. This test is not configured to detect structural genomic rearrangements (ie, translocations), gene fusions, copy number alterations, or large-scale (segmental chromosome region) deletions and other complex genomic changes.
This assay does not distinguish between somatic and germline alterations in analyzed gene regions, particularly with variant allele frequencies near approximately 50% or 100%. If nucleotide alterations in genes associated with germline mutation syndromes are present and there is a strong clinical suspicion or family history of malignant disease predisposition, additional genetic testing and appropriate counseling may be indicated. Some apparent mutations classified as variants of undetermined significance may represent rare or low population frequency polymorphisms.
Prior treatment for hematologic malignancy could affect the results obtained in this assay. In particular, prior allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant may cause difficulties in either resolving somatic or polymorphic alterations or assigning variant calls correctly to donor and recipient fractions, if pertinent clinical or laboratory information (eg, chimerism engraftment status) is not provided.
NGS testing should not be pursued if the initial plasma cell percentage is below approximately 5% by cytologic differential count in the bone marrow aspirate, as the ability to obtain a sufficiently enriched target plasma cell population for evaluation is significantly less likely. Inadequate samples (eg, insufficient DNA quantity or quality) will preclude further testing and will be noted in the interpretive report.
Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris NL, et al, eds. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 4th ed. IARC Press; 2017. WHO Classification of Tumours, Vol 2
2. Onaindia A, Medeiros LJ, Patel KP. Clinical utility of recently identified diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive molecular biomarkers in mature B-cell neoplasms. Mod Pathol. 2017;30(10):1338-1366. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2017.58
3. Walker BA, Mavrommatis K, Wardell CP, et al. Identification of novel mutational drivers reveals oncogene dependencies in multiple myeloma. Blood. 2018;132(6):587-597. doi:10.1182/blood-2018-03-840132
4. Walker BA, Boyle EM, Wardell CP, et al. Mutational spectrum, copy number changes, and outcome: Results of a sequencing study of patients with newly diagnosed myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(33):3911-20. doi:10.1200/JCO.2014.59.1503
5. Kortuem KM, Braggio E, Bruins L, et al. Panel sequencing for clinically oriented variant screening and copy number detection in 142 untreated multiple myeloma patients. Blood Cancer J. 2016;6(2):e397. doi:10.1038/bcj.2016.1
6. Jimenez C, Jara-Acevedo M, Corchete LA, et al. A next-generation sequencing strategy for evaluating the most common genetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma. J Mol Diagn. 2017;19(1):99-106
7. Yellapantula V, Hultcrantz M, Rustad EH, et al. Comprehensive detection of recurring genomic abnormalities: a targeted sequencing approach for multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J. 2019;9(12):101. doi:10.1038/s41408-019-0264-y
8. Cutler SD, Knopf P, Campbell CJV, et al. DMG26 A targeted sequencing panel for mutation profiling to address gaps in the prognostication of multiple myeloma. J Mol Diagn. 2021;23(12):1699-1714
Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
This is a laboratory-developed target enriched next generation sequencing (NGS) panel. DNA is extracted from validated specimen sources including bone marrow aspirate and formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues (eg, bone marrow clot). Bone marrow aspirate specimens are enriched for plasma cells using a flow cytometric cell sorting selection method prior to DNA extraction. Library preparation for NGS is performed followed by probe hybridization and capture. Sequencing of the final sample library is performed on an NGS instrument. Following bioinformatic processing of the sequencing data, the sequencing results are interpreted to provide a final clinical report. Genomic alterations are called according to human genome reference build GRCh37 (hg19).(Unpublished Mayo method)
PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information
Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.
Monday through Friday
Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.
Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test
Fees :
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.
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Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.
This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
81450
LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.
Test Id | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
---|---|---|
NGPCM | Plasma Cell Myeloma, NGS, V | 104241-5 |
Result Id | Test Result Name |
Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
|
---|---|---|
MP074 | Specimen Type | 31208-2 |
MP075 | Indication for Test | 42349-1 |
618515 | NGPCM Result | No LOINC Needed |
618516 | Pathogenic Mutations Detected | 82939-0 |
618517 | Interpretation | 69047-9 |
618519 | Variants of Unknown Significance | 93367-1 |
618520 | Additional Information | 48767-8 |
618518 | Clinical Trials | 82786-5 |
618521 | Method Summary | 85069-3 |
618522 | Disclaimer | 62364-5 |
618523 | Panel Gene List | 36908-2 |
618524 | Reviewed By | 18771-6 |