Test Id : ANAES
Bacterial Culture, Anaerobic with Antimicrobial Susceptibilities, Varies
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Diagnosing anaerobic bacterial infections
Directing antimicrobial therapy for anaerobic infections
Reflex Tests
Lists tests that may or may not be performed, at an additional charge, depending on the result and interpretation of the initial tests.
| Test Id | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
|---|---|---|---|
| ANAID | Anaerobe Ident | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| RMALA | Id MALDI-TOF Mass Spec Anaerobe | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| ISAN | Anaerobe Ident by Sequencing | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| PCRID | Identification by PCR | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| TISSR | Tissue Processing | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| BLA | Beta Lactamase | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| BATTA | Anaerobe Suscep Battery | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| SANA | Anaerobe Suscep per agent | No, (Bill Only) | No |
| MECAB | mecA PCR Test, Bill Only | No, (Bill Only) | No |
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
When this test is ordered, the reflex tests may be performed at an additional charge. All bacterial organisms submitted will automatically have susceptibility testing performed and billed as appropriate. Antimicrobial agents appropriate to the organism and specimen source will be tested according to Mayo Clinic's practice and the laboratory's standard operating procedures.
See Anaerobic Bacteria Antimicrobials for a listing of the antimicrobials routinely tested in our laboratory as well as antimicrobials that may be tested upon request. Call 800-533-1710 and ask to speak to the Bacteriology Anaerobe Laboratory if the organism or antimicrobial of interest is not listed in this table.
Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test
Conventional Culture Technique with Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) by Agar Dilution (if appropriate)
NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test
Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Actinobaculum
Actinomyces
Amoxicillin-clavulanate
Ampicillin-sulbactam
Anaerococcus
Bacterial Susceptibility Testing (1 test)
Bacteroides
Bifidobacterium
Campylobacter
Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone
Ciprofloxacin
Clindamycin
Clostridioides
Clostridium
Cutibacterium
Eggerthella
Ertapenem
Finegoldia
Fusobacterium
Helcococcus
Imipenem
Lactobacillus
Meropenem
Metronidazole
MIC Test, Anaerobic Bacteria
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
Minocycline
Moxifloxacin
Penicillin
Peptoniphilus
Piperacillin-tazobactam
Porphyromonas
Prevotella
Propionibacterium
Staphylococcus saccharolyticus
Susceptibility Testing
Vancomycin
Veillonella
Antibiotic Susceptibility
Rifampin
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
When this test is ordered, the reflex tests may be performed at an additional charge. All bacterial organisms submitted will automatically have susceptibility testing performed and billed as appropriate. Antimicrobial agents appropriate to the organism and specimen source will be tested according to Mayo Clinic's practice and the laboratory's standard operating procedures.
See Anaerobic Bacteria Antimicrobials for a listing of the antimicrobials routinely tested in our laboratory as well as antimicrobials that may be tested upon request. Call 800-533-1710 and ask to speak to the Bacteriology Anaerobe Laboratory if the organism or antimicrobial of interest is not listed in this table.
Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing
Varies
Shipping Instructions
Specimen should arrive within 72 hours of collection.
Necessary Information
Specimen source is required.
ORDER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
| Question ID | Description | Answers |
|---|---|---|
| Q00M0079 | Specimen Source |
Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing
Supplies: Anaerobic Transport Tube (T588)
Acceptable Sources: Deep tissues, sterile body fluids, abscesses, percutaneous transtracheal aspirates, suprapubic aspirations, or wounds
Collection Instructions: Specimen should be obtained by using a needle and syringe from a source not normally colonized by anaerobes.
Special Instructions
Library of PDFs including pertinent information and forms related to the test
Forms
If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send a Microbiology Test Request (T244) with the specimen.
Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
| Swab | Reject |
Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Varies | Ambient | 72 hours |
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Diagnosing anaerobic bacterial infections
Directing antimicrobial therapy for anaerobic infections
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
When this test is ordered, the reflex tests may be performed at an additional charge. All bacterial organisms submitted will automatically have susceptibility testing performed and billed as appropriate. Antimicrobial agents appropriate to the organism and specimen source will be tested according to Mayo Clinic's practice and the laboratory's standard operating procedures.
See Anaerobic Bacteria Antimicrobials for a listing of the antimicrobials routinely tested in our laboratory as well as antimicrobials that may be tested upon request. Call 800-533-1710 and ask to speak to the Bacteriology Anaerobe Laboratory if the organism or antimicrobial of interest is not listed in this table.
Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Anaerobic bacteria are the greatest component of the human body's normal bacterial flora. Anaerobes colonize the skin, oral cavity, and genitourinary and lower gastrointestinal tracts, and generally do not cause infection. Their presence is important for vitamin and other nutrient absorption and in preventing infection with pathogenic bacteria.
When usual skin and mucosal barriers are compromised, in an anaerobic environment, these bacteria can behave as pathogens. Typical anaerobic infections include periodontitis, abdominal or pelvic abscesses, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, aspiration pneumonia, empyema and lung abscesses, sinusitis, brain abscesses, gas gangrene, and other soft tissue infections.
Anaerobes grow aggressively in the body under anaerobic conditions and may possess a variety of virulence factors including capsules and extracellular enzymes. They also can develop resistance to antimicrobials by producing beta-lactamase and other modifying enzymes, and by alterations in membrane permeability and structure of penicillin-binding proteins. Susceptibility testing results are useful to clinicians because anaerobic bacteria are a significant cause of human infection, and they are often resistant to commonly used antimicrobials. Bacteroides and Parabacteroides species produce beta-lactamases. Ertapenem, metronidazole, and clindamycin are generally effective agents although resistance to clindamycin, and occasionally ertapenem, is increasing.
The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) obtained during antimicrobial susceptibility testing is helpful in indicating the concentration of antimicrobial agent required at the site of infection necessary to inhibit the infecting organism. For each organism-antimicrobial agent combination, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and/or the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing provides interpretive criteria for determining whether the MIC should be interpreted as susceptible, susceptible dose dependent, intermediate, nonsusceptible, resistant, or epidemiological cutoff value.
Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
No growth
Identification of probable pathogens
Susceptibility results are reported as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in mcg/mL. Breakpoints (also known as clinical breakpoints) are used to categorize an organism as susceptible, susceptible-dose dependent, intermediate, resistant, or nonsusceptible according to breakpoint setting organizations, either the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) or the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST), as applicable.
In some instances, an interpretive category cannot be provided based on available data; therefore, the following comment will be included on the report: There are no established interpretive guidelines for agents reported without interpretations.
For information regarding CLSI and EUCAST susceptibility interpretations, see Susceptibility Interpretative Category Definitions.
Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Isolation of anaerobes in significant numbers from specimens collected under sterile conditions including blood, other normally sterile body fluids, or closed collections of purulent fluid indicates infection with those organisms.
A susceptible category result and a low minimum inhibitory concentration value indicate in vitro susceptibility of the organism to the antimicrobial tested.
For interpretation of various antimicrobial susceptibility interpretive categories (ie, susceptible, intermediate, resistant, or epidemiological cutoff value), see Reference Values.
Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Specimens may be collected by needle and syringe aspiration or surgical drainage to avoid contamination with normal-flora anaerobes; such contamination would make interpretation of culture results impossible.
Specimens must be transported in anaerobic transport vials.
When antimicrobial susceptibilities are performed, in vitro susceptibility does not guarantee clinical response. Therefore, the decision to treat with a particular agent should not be based solely on the antimicrobial susceptibility testing result.
Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Rosenblatt JE, Brook I. Clinical relevance of susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria. Clin Infect Dis. 1993;16(Suppl 4):S446-S448
2. Summanen P, Baron EJ, Citron DM, et al. Wadsworth Anaerobic Bacteriology Manual. 6th ed. Star Publishing Co; 2002
3. Schuetz AN, Carpenter DE. Susceptibility test methods: anaerobic bacteria. In: Carroll KC, Pfaller MA, eds. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 12th ed. ASM Press; 2019:1377-1397
4. Hall GS. Anaerobic Bacteriology. In: Leber AL, ed. Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook. Vol 1. 4th ed. ASM Press; 2016:section 4
5. Jenkins SG, Schuetz AN. Current concepts in laboratory testing to guide antimicrobial therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012;87(3):290-308
Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
Appropriate specimens are inoculated onto blood agar, phenylethyl alcohol agar, and lysed blood agar containing gentamicin and vancomycin and into thioglycollate broth tubes. After 48 hours of incubation at 35 degrees C in an anaerobic atmosphere, colonies are identified using 1 or a combination of the following techniques: Gram stain, use of various differential media, aerotolerance testing, conventional biochemical tests, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, or 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.(Procop GW, Church DL, Hall GS, et al. The anaerobic bacteria. In: Koneman's Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. 7th ed. Wolters; 2017:983-1073)
An agar dilution method is used for routine susceptibility testing. The antimicrobial is added to agar in various concentrations depending upon levels attainable in serum. A standardized suspension of the organism is applied to the agar plates, which are incubated anaerobically for 42 to 48 hours at 35 to 37 degrees C. The end point is that in which a marked reduction occurs in the appearance of growth on the test plate as compared to that of growth on the control plate. Examples of marked change include a change from confluent growth to a haze, less than 10 tiny colonies, or 1 to 3 normal-sized colonies.(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [CLSI]. Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria. 9th ed. CLSI standard M11. CLSI; 2018)
PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information
Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.
Monday through Sunday
Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.
Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test
Fees :
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.
- Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
- Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
- Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.
Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.
This test has been cleared, approved, or is exempt by the US Food and Drug Administration and is used per manufacturer's instructions. Performance characteristics were verified by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements.
CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
87075-Bacterial Culture, Anaerobic
87076-Anaerobe Ident (if appropriate)
87076-Id MALDI-TOF Mass Spec Anaerobe (if appropriate)
87153-Anaerobe Ident by Sequencing (if appropriate)
87150-Identification by PCR (if appropriate)
87176-Tissue Processing (if appropriate)
87185-Beta Lactamase (if appropriate)
87186-Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Anaerobic Bacteria, MIC (if appropriate)
87181-Anaerobe Susceptibility per agent (if appropriate)
87150-mecA PCR (if appropriate)
LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.
| Test Id | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| ANAES | Bacterial Culture, Anaerobic + Susc | 635-3 |
| Result Id | Test Result Name |
Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
|
|---|---|---|
| ANAES | Bacterial Culture, Anaerobic + Susc | 635-3 |