Test Id : PC1TS
Purkinje Cell Cytoplasmic Antibody Type 1 (PCA-1) Titer, Serum
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Identifying female patients whose subacute cerebellar degeneration or peripheral neuropathy is due to a remote (autoimmune) effect of gynecologic or breast carcinoma
Reporting an end titer result from serum specimens
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
If the indirect immunofluorescence pattern suggests Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type 1 (PCA-1), then this test will be performed at an additional charge.
Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test
Only orderable as a reflex. For further information see:
PAVAL / Paraneoplastic, Autoantibody Evaluation, Serum
ENS2 / Encephalopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum
MDS2 / Movement Disorder, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum
MAS1 / Myelopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum
AIAES / Axonal Neuropathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum
Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA)
NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test
Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Anti-Yo
APCA (Anti-Purkinje Cell Antibodies)
Cerebellar Antibodies
Cerebellar Purkinje Cell Antibody
Ovarian Cancer-Related Antibodies
PCA 1 (Purkinje Cell Antibodies)
PCA-1 (Purkinje Cell Antibodies
Purkinje Cell Antibodies
Yo Antibody
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
If the indirect immunofluorescence pattern suggests Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type 1 (PCA-1), then this test will be performed at an additional charge.
Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing
Serum
Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing
Only orderable as a reflex. For further information see:
PAVAL / Paraneoplastic, Autoantibody Evaluation, Serum
ENS2 / Encephalopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum
MDS2 / Movement Disorder, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum
MAS1 / Myelopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum
AIAES / Axonal Neuropathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum
Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the testing laboratory. The minimum volume is sufficient for one attempt at testing.
0.6 mL
Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
| Gross hemolysis | Reject |
| Gross lipemia | Reject |
| Gross icterus | Reject |
Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serum | Refrigerated (preferred) | 28 days | |
| Ambient | 72 hours | ||
| Frozen | 28 days |
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Identifying female patients whose subacute cerebellar degeneration or peripheral neuropathy is due to a remote (autoimmune) effect of gynecologic or breast carcinoma
Reporting an end titer result from serum specimens
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
If the indirect immunofluorescence pattern suggests Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type 1 (PCA-1), then this test will be performed at an additional charge.
Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Purkinje cell antibody type 1 (PCA-1), also known as anti-Yo, binds to Purkinje cell cytoplasm in a characteristic pattern by indirect immunofluorescence. It is found in the serum, and usually cerebrospinal fluid, of patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration associated with gynecological or breast carcinoma. It is also found in some patients with sensory, sensorimotor neuropathy, or motor neuropathy with gynecologic cancer. Almost all (99%) seropositive patients are women.
Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
Only orderable as a reflex. For further information see:
PAVAL / Paraneoplastic, Autoantibody Evaluation, Serum
ENS2 / Encephalopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum
MDS2 / Movement Disorder, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum
MAS1 / Myelopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum
AIAES / Axonal Neuropathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum
<1:240
Neuron-restricted patterns of IgG staining that do not fulfill criteria for Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type 1 may be reported as "unclassified antineuronal IgG." Complex patterns that include nonneuronal elements may be reported as "uninterpretable."
Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Purkinje cell antibody type 1 (PCA-1) has not been found in any healthy subject. It is rarely found in patients with neurologic diseases (including cerebellar disorders) without gynecologic or breast cancer. The ovarian cancers found in these patients are typically limited in metastatic spread and may not be detected by imaging procedures. If mammography is negative, exploratory laparotomy is advisable (as a "second look" in management of ovarian carcinoma). Breast carcinoma may coexist with a Mullerian cancer. PCA-1 is rarely found in patients with gynecologic cancer without neurologic dysfunction (<2%). PCA-1 is readily distinguished from PCA-Tr (a marker of Hodgkin lymphoma) and PCA-2 (a marker of small-cell lung carcinoma) by standardized staining criteria. PCA-1 rarely, if ever, has accompanying neuronal cytoplasmic or nuclear antibodies.
Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type 1 (PCA-1) antibody is rarely found in male patients (1%, usually with intra-abdominal adenocarcinoma) and never in patients with cerebellar ataxia associated with lung cancer.
Seven different IgG autoantibodies are currently recognized as accompaniments of paraneoplastic neurologic disorders occurring with small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC):
-Antineuronal nuclear antibody-type 1 (ANNA-1, sometimes called anti-Hu) is found most often with sensory, autonomic, and sensorimotor neuropathies, and encephalomyeloradiculopathies in the context of SCLC.
-ANNA-2 is found most often with midbrain/brainstem encephalitis, cerebellar ataxia, myelopathy associated with breast cancer, or SCLC; peripheral neuropathy may be a presenting sign.
-ANNA-3 is found with multifocal autoimmune neurologic manifestations of aerodigestive carcinomas (usually SCLC).
-PCA-2 is found with multifocal autoimmune neurologic manifestations of SCLC.
-PCA-Tr is found in patients with cerebellar ataxia related to Hodgkin's lymphoma.
-CRMP-5-IgG is found in patients with multifocal autoimmune neurologic manifestations of SCLC or neuromuscular or encephalopathic manifestations of thymoma.
-Antiglial neuronal antibody (AGNA-1) is found in patients with multifocal autoimmune neurologic manifestations of SCLC, but particularly with Lambert-Eaton syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, limbic encephalitis, and dysautonomia.
Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Hetzel DJ, Stanhope CR, O'Neill BP, Lennon VA: Gynecologic cancer in patients with subacute cerebellar degeneration predicted by anti-Purkinje cell antibodies and limited in metastatic volume. Mayo Clin Proc. 1990 Dec;65(12):1558-1563
2. McKeon A, Tracy JA, Pittock SJ, Parisi JE, Klein CJ, Lennon VA. Purkinje cell cytoplasmic autoantibody type 1 accompaniments: the cerebellum and beyond. Arch Neurol. 2011 Oct;68(10):1282-9. doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2011.128
3. Vernino S, Lennon VA: New Purkinje cell antibody (PCA-2): Marker of lung cancer-related neurological autoimmunity. Ann Neurol. 2000 Mar;47(3):297-305
4. Yu Z, Kryzer TJ, Griesmann GE, et al: CRMP-5 neuronal autoantibody: marker of lung cancer and thymoma-related autoimmunity. Ann Neurol 2001 Feb;49(2):146-154
5. Pittock SJ, Kryzer TJ, Lennon VA: Paraneoplastic antibodies coexist and predict cancer, not neurological syndrome. Ann Neurol 2004 Nov;56(5):715-719
6. Horta ES, Lennon VA, Lachance DH, et al: Neural autoantibody clusters aid diagnosis of cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014 July;20(4):3862-3869
Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
The patient's sample is tested by a standardized immunofluorescence assay that uses a composite frozen section of mouse cerebellum, kidney, and gut tissues. After incubation with sample and washing, fluorescein-conjugated goat-antihuman IgG is applied. Neuron-specific autoantibodies are identified by their characteristic fluorescence staining patterns. Samples that are scored positive for any neuronal nuclear or cytoplasmic autoantibody are titrated to an endpoint. Interference by coexisting non-neuron-specific autoantibodies can usually be eliminated by serologic absorption.(Honorat JA, Komorowski L, Josephs KA, et al: IgLON5 antibody: neurological accompaniments and outcomes in 20 patients. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2017 Jul 18;4(5):e385. doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000385)
PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information
Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.
Monday through Sunday
Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.
Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test
Fees :
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.
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- Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.
Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.
This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
86256
LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.
| Test Id | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| PC1TS | PCA-1 Titer, S | 94350-6 |
| Result Id | Test Result Name |
Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
|
|---|---|---|
| 43437 | PCA-1 Titer, S | 94350-6 |