Test Id : SES
Selenium, Serum
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Monitoring selenium replacement therapy
Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test
Triple-Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS)
NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test
Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Se (Selenium)
Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing
Serum
Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing
Patient Preparation: High concentrations of gadolinium, iodine, and barium are known to potentially interfere with most inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-based metal tests. If gadolinium-, iodine-, or barium-containing contrast media has been administered, a specimen should not be collected for 96 hours.
Supplies:
-Metal Free Specimen Vial (T173)
-Metal Free B-D Tube (No Additive), 6 mL (T184)
Collection Container/Tube: 6-mL Plain, royal blue-top Vacutainer plastic trace element blood collection tube
Submission Container/Tube: 7-mL Metal-free, screw-capped, polypropylene vial
Specimen Volume: 0.8 mL
Collection Instructions:
1. Allow the specimen to clot for 30 minutes; then centrifuge the specimen to separate serum from the cellular fraction.
2. Remove the stopper. Carefully pour specimen into a metal-free, polypropylene vial, avoid transferring the cellular components of blood. Do not insert a pipette into the serum to accomplish transfer, and do not ream the specimen with a wooden stick to assist with serum transfer.
3. See Metals Analysis Specimen Collection and Transport for complete instructions.
Special Instructions
Library of PDFs including pertinent information and forms related to the test
Forms
If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send General Request (T239)
Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the testing laboratory. The minimum volume is sufficient for one attempt at testing.
0.2 mL
Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
| Gross hemolysis | OK |
| Gross lipemia | OK |
| Gross icterus | OK |
Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serum | Refrigerated (preferred) | 28 days | METAL FREE |
| Ambient | 28 days | METAL FREE | |
| Frozen | 28 days | METAL FREE |
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Monitoring selenium replacement therapy
Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Selenium is an essential element; it is a cofactor required to maintain activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of organic hydroperoxides. The absence of selenium correlates with loss of GSH-Px activity and is associated with damage to cell membranes due to accumulation of free radicals.
The normal daily dietary intake of selenium is 0.01 to 0.04 parts per million (ppm), which is similar to the typical content of soil (0.05 ppm) and sea water (0.09 ppm). Selenium is found in many over-the-counter vitamin preparations because its antioxidant activity is thought to be anticarcinogenic. There is no supporting evidence that selenium suppresses cancer.
In humans, cardiac muscle is the most susceptible to selenium deficiency. With cell membrane damage, normal cells are replaced by fibroblasts. This condition is known as cardiomyopathy and is characterized by an enlarged heart whose muscle is largely replaced by fibrous tissue.
In the United States, selenium deficiency is related to use of total parenteral nutrition. This therapy is administered to patients with no functional bowel, such as after surgical removal of the small and large intestine because of cancer or because of acute inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn disease. Selenium supplementation to raise the serum concentration to above 70 mcg/L is the usual treatment. Serum monitoring done on a semiannual basis checks the adequacy of supplementation.
Selenium toxicity has been observed in animals when daily intake exceeds 4 ppm. Teratogenic effects are frequently noted in the offspring of animals living in regions where soil content is high in selenium such as south-central South Dakota and northern-coastal regions of California. Selenium toxicity in humans is not known to be a significant problem except in acute overdose cases. Selenium is not classified as a human teratogen.
Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
0-2 months: 45-90 mcg/L
3-6 months: 50-120 mcg/L
7-9 months: 60-120 mcg/L
10-12 months: 70-130 mcg/L
13 months-17 years: 70-150 mcg/L
> or =18 years: 110-165 mcg/L
Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Selenium accumulates in biological tissue. The normal concentration in adult human serum is 110 to 165 mcg/L. Optimal selenium concentration is age dependent (see Reference Values); children require less circulating selenium than adults.
In the state of selenium deficiency associated with loss of glutathione peroxidase activity, the serum concentration is usually below 40 mcg/L.
Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Selenium is quite volatile; therefore, careful specimen collection is necessary to ensure accurate results.
Severe selenium deficiency may contribute to cardiomyopathy.
Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Muntau AC, Streiter M, Kappler M, et al. Age-related reference values for serum selenium concentrations in infants and children. Clin Chem. 2002;48(3):555-560
2. Gonzalez S, Huerta JM, Fernandez S, Patterson EM, Lasheras C. Food intake and serum selenium concentration in elderly people. Ann Nutr Metab. 2006;50(2):126-131
3. Skelton JA, Havens PL, Werlin SL. Nutrient deficiencies in tube-fed children. Clin Pediatr. 2006;45(1):37-41
4. Gosney MA, Hammond MF, Shenkin A, Allsup S. Effect of micronutrient supplementation on mood in nursing home residents. Gerontology. 2008;54(5):292-299
5. Burri J, Haldimann M, Dudler V. Selenium status of the Swiss population: assessment and change over a decade. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2008;22(2):112-119
6. Ayling RM, Crook M. Nutrition: Laboratory and clinical aspects. In: Rifai N, Chiu RWK, Young I, Burnham CAD, Wittwer CT, eds. Tietz Textbook of Laboratory Medicine. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2023:457-501
Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
The metal analytes of interest are analyzed by triple-quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.(Unpublished Mayo method).
PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information
Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.
Monday through Saturday
Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.
Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test
Fees :
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.
- Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
- Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
- Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.
Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.
This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
84255
LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.
| Test Id | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| SES | Selenium, S | 5724-0 |
| Result Id | Test Result Name |
Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
|
|---|---|---|
| 9765 | Selenium, S | 5724-0 |