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Detecting vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-producing tumors in patients with chronic diarrheal diseases
Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide)
Plasma EDTA
This test should not be requested on patients who have recently received radioactive material.
Patient Preparation: Fasting (8 hours)
Collection Container/Tube: Lavender top (EDTA)
Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial
Specimen Volume: 1 mL
Collection Instructions: Centrifuge and aliquot plasma into a plastic vial. Freeze immediately.
If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send an Oncology Test Request (T729) with the specimen.
0.55 mL
Gross hemolysis | Reject |
Gross lipemia | Reject |
Gross icterus | OK |
Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
---|---|---|---|
Plasma EDTA | Frozen | 90 days |
Detecting vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-producing tumors in patients with chronic diarrheal diseases
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was originally isolated from porcine small intestine and was recognized by its potent vasodilator activity. This brain/gut hormone has widespread distribution and is present in neuronal cell bodies localized in the central nervous system, digestive, respiratory, and urogenital tracts, and exocrine, thyroid, and adrenal glands. VIP has a wide scope of biological actions. The main effects of VIP include relaxation of smooth muscle (bronchial and vascular dilation), stimulation of gastrointestinal water and electrolyte secretion, and release of pancreatic hormones.
VIP-producing tumors (VIPomas) are rare; most (90%) are located in the pancreas. Watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria are key symptoms.
<75 pg/mL
Values above 75 pg/mL may indicate the presence of an enteropancreatic tumor causing hypersecretion of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).
Values above 200 pg/mL are strongly suggestive of VIP-producing tumors (VIPoma).
VIPoma is unlikely with a 24-hour stool volume below 700 mL.
This test should not be requested in patients who have recently received radioisotopes, therapeutically or diagnostically, because of potential assay interference. A recommended time period before collection cannot be made because it will depend on the isotope administered, the dose given, and the clearance rate in the individual patient. Specimens will be screened for radioactivity prior to analysis. Radioactive samples received in the laboratory will be held and assayed after the radioactivity has sufficiently decayed. This will result in a test delay.
1. Smith SL, Branton SA, Avino AJ, et al: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide secreting islet cell tumors: a 15-year experience and review of the literature. Surgery. 1998 Dec;124(6):1050-1055
2. Ghaferi AA, Chojnacki KA, Long WD, et al: Pancreatic VIPomas: subject review and one institutional experience. J Gastrointest Surg. 2008 Feb;12(2):382-393
3 Eisenhofer G, Grebe S, Cheung NK, et al: Monoamine-producing tumors. In: Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT, eds. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2018:1421
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the patient sample competes with labeled ([125]I) VIP for a limited number of primary antibody binding sites during a 24-hour incubation. Antibody-bound VIP is separated from the unbound portion by a goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody. Centrifugation brings down the heavy antibody complexes while unbound antigen remains in solution and is discarded. The amount of labeled antigen bound to the antibody is inversely proportional to the amount of VIP present in the patient sample. The (125)I signal is counted on a gamma counter and the counts per minute are used to calculate percent of maximum binding and construct a standard curve.(Unpublished Mayo method)
Monday, Wednesday
This test was developed, and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. This test has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
84586
Test Id | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
---|---|---|
VIP | Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide,P | 3125-2 |
Result Id | Test Result Name |
Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
|
---|---|---|
8150 | Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide,P | 3125-2 |