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Test Id : REVEI
Erythrocytosis Interpretation
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Interpretation of results for the evaluation of erythrocytosis
Definitive, comprehensive, and economical evaluation of an individual with JAK2-negative erythrocytosis associated with lifelong sustained increased hemoglobin or hematocrit
Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test
A short description of the method used to perform the test
Only orderable as part of a profile. For more information see REVE1 / Erythrocytosis Evaluation, Whole Blood.
Medical Interpretation
NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Yes
Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test
Erythrocytosis Interpretation
Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
BPGM
Chuvash Polycythemia
Congenital erythrocytosis
Congenital polycythemia
EGLN1
EPAS1
EPOR
Erythrocytosis
Familial erythrocytosis
Familial polycythemia
HBA1
HBA2
HBB
Hereditary erythrocytosis
Hereditary polycythemia
HIF2
High oxygen affinity hemoglobin
HOA hemoglobin
Oxygen dissociation
P50
PHD2
Polycythaemia
Polycythemia
Primary familial erythrocytosis
Primary familial polycythemia
VHL
Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing
Describes the specimen type validated for testing
Whole Blood EDTA
Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whole Blood EDTA | Refrigerated (preferred) | 72 hours |
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Interpretation of results for the evaluation of erythrocytosis
Definitive, comprehensive, and economical evaluation of an individual with JAK2-negative erythrocytosis associated with lifelong sustained increased hemoglobin or hematocrit
Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Erythrocytosis (polycythemia) is identified by a sustained increase in hemoglobin or hematocrit. An isolated increase in red blood cell (RBC) count (in the absence of chronic phlebotomy or coincident iron deficiency) may occur in thalassemia or other causes and does not indicate erythrocytosis. Erythrocytosis may occur as a primary disorder, due to an intrinsic defect of bone marrow stem cells, or secondary, in response to increased serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels. Secondary erythrocytosis is associated with a number of disorders including chronic lung disease, chronic increase in carbon monoxide, cyanotic heart disease, high-altitude living, renal cysts and tumors, hepatoma, and other EPO-secreting tumors. When these common causes of secondary erythrocytosis are excluded, a heritable cause involving hemoglobin or erythrocyte regulatory mechanisms may be present. It is important to differentiate polycythemia vera (PV) from heritable causes of erythrocytosis, the latter of which can be passed to progeny but do not carry the risks of clonal evolution or marrow fibrosis associated with PV.
The most common cause of hereditary erythrocytosis is the presence of high-oxygen-affinity (HOA) hemoglobin. A subset of hemoglobins with increased oxygen (O2) affinity result in clinically evident erythrocytosis caused by decreased O2 unloading at the tissue level. Many are asymptomatic; however some patients have recurrent headaches, dizziness, fatigue and restless legs. A minor subset of patients has thrombotic episodes. Affected individuals can be plethoric and many are misclassified as polycythemia vera. The oxygen dissociation curve is left-shifted (p50 values are decreased). Changes to the amino acid sequence of the hemoglobin molecule may distort the protein structure, affecting O2 transport or unloading and the binding of 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-BPG). 2,3-BPG stabilizes the deoxygenated state of hemoglobin. Therefore a decrease in the 2,3-BPG concentration results in greater O2 affinity of the normal hemoglobin molecule. A few cases of erythrocytosis have been associated with a reduction in 2,3-BPG formation. This is most commonly due to variants in the converting enzyme, bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM). Truncating variants in the erythropoietin receptor gene, EPOR, have been shown to be a cause of the autosomal dominant primary familial and congenital polycythemia (PFCP)(OMIM 133100). In addition, oxygen sensing pathway variants, EPAS1(HIF2A)(OMIM 611783); EGLN1(PHD2)(OMIM 609820), and VHL (OMIM 263400) cause hereditary erythrocytosis and a subset are associated with pheochromocytoma and paragangliomas. All have shown an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, except VHL-associated erythrocytosis, which is an autosomal recessive disorder. Homozygous VHL R200W alterations have been shown to be causative of Chuvash polycythemia, an endemic heritable erythrocytic disorder first described in Russia but subsequently found in other ethnic groups. The prevalence of causative variants in EPOR and the oxygen sensing pathway genes is unknown, but in our experience they are less prevalent than genetic variants that cause HOA hemoglobin variants, and much less prevalent than polycythemia vera. Because there are many causes of erythrocytosis, an algorithmic and reflexive testing strategy is useful for evaluating these disorders. Initial JAK2 V617F alteration testing and serum EPO levels are important with p50 results further stratifying JAK2-negative cases. Importantly, a significant subset of HOA hemoglobin variants can be electrophoretically silent on multiple routine screening platforms; however, most if not all of HOAs can be identified with addition of the mass spectrometry method. Our extensive experience with these disorders allows an economical, comprehensive evaluation with high sensitivity.
Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
Only orderable as part of a profile. For more information see REVE1 / Erythrocytosis Evaluation, Whole Blood.
Definitive results and an interpretative report will be provided.
Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
The evaluation includes testing for a hemoglobinopathy and oxygen (O2) affinity of the hemoglobin molecule. An increase in O2 affinity is demonstrated by a shift to the left in the O2 dissociation curve (decreased p50 result). Reflex testing for EPOR, EGLN1 (PHD2), EPAS1 (HIF2a), VHL, and BPGM will be performed as needed.
A hematopathologist expert in these disorders will evaluate the case, appropriate tests are performed, and an interpretive report is issued.
Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
No significant cautionary statements
Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Patnaik MM, Tefferi A: The complete evaluation of erythrocytosis: congenital and acquired. Leukemia. 2009 May;23(5):834-844
2. McMullin MF: The classification and diagnosis of erythrocytosis. Int J Lab Hematol. 2008;30:447-459
3. Percy MJ, Lee FS: Familial erythrocytosis: molecular links to red blood cell control. Haematologica. 2008 Jul;93(7):963-967
4. Huang LJ, Shen YM, Bulut GB: Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of primary familial and congenital polycythaemia. Br J Haematol. 2010 Mar;148(6):844-852
5. Maran J, Prchal J: Polycythemia and oxygen sensing. Pathol Biol. 2004;52:280-284
6. Lee F: Genetic causes of erythrocytosis and the oxygen-sensing pathway. Blood Rev. 2008;22:321-332
7. Merchant SH, Oliveira JL, Hoyer JD, Viswanatha DS: Erythrocytosis. In: His ED, ed. Hematopathology. 2nd ed. Elsevier Saunders; 2012: 722-723
8. Zhuang Z, Yang C, Lorenzo F, et al: Somatic HIF2A gain-of-function mutations in paraganglioma with polycythemia. N Engl J Med. 2012 Sep 6;367(10):922-930
9. Oliveira JL, Coon LM, Frederick LA, et al: Genotype-Phenotype Correlation of Hereditary Erythrocytosis Mutations, a single center experience. Am J Hematol. 2018 May 23 PMID: 29790589
Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
A hematopathologist expert in these disorders evaluates the case, appropriate tests are performed, and an interpretive report is issued.
PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information
No
Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.
Monday through Friday
Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.
3 to 25 days
Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test
Rochester
Fees
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.
- Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
- Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
- Prospective clients should contact their Regional Manager. For assistance, contact Customer Service.
Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.
Not Applicable
CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
83020-26
Test Setup Resources
Setup Files
Test setup information contains test file definition details to support order and result interfacing between Mayo Clinic Laboratories and your Laboratory Information System.
Test setup information contains test file definition details to support order and result interfacing between Mayo Clinic Laboratories and your Laboratory Information System.
Sample Reports
Normal and Abnormal sample reports are provided as references for report appearance.
Normal and Abnormal sample reports are provided as references for report appearance.
SI Sample Reports
International System (SI) of Unit reports are provided for a limited number of tests. These reports are intended for international account use and are only available through MayoLINK accounts that have been defined to receive them.
International System (SI) of Unit reports are provided for a limited number of tests. These reports are intended for international account use and are only available through MayoLINK accounts that have been defined to receive them.