Test Id : BIOTS
Biotinidase, Serum
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Preferred test for the diagnosis of biotinidase deficiency
Follow-up testing for certain organic acidurias
Genetics Test Information
Provides information that may help with selection of the correct genetic test or proper submission of the test request
Preferred test to rule out biotinidase deficiency.
Highlights
Enzymatic testing for the diagnosis of biotinidase deficiency, usually in follow-up to an abnormal newborn screen.
Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test
Colorimetric
NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test
Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Biotin-amide amidohydrolase
Biotinidase deficiency
BTD
Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing
Serum
Ordering Guidance
Molecular testing is available, see BTDZ / Biotinidase Deficiency, BTD Full Gene Analysis, Varies.
If measurement of biotin concentration is requested, order BIOTN / Biotin, Serum.
Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing
Collection Container/Tube:
Preferred: Serum gel
Acceptable: Red top
Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial
Specimen Volume: 1 mL
Collection Instructions: Centrifuge immediately and aliquot serum into plastic vial.
Special Instructions
Library of PDFs including pertinent information and forms related to the test
Forms
1. New York Clients-Informed consent is required. Document on the request form or electronic order that a copy is on file. The following documents are available:
-Informed Consent for Genetic Testing (T576)
-Informed Consent for Genetic Testing-Spanish (T826)
2. Biochemical Genetics Patient Information (T602)
3. If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send a Biochemical Genetics Test Request (T798) with the specimen.
Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the testing laboratory. The minimum volume is sufficient for one attempt at testing.
0.5 mL
Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
| Gross hemolysis | Reject |
| Gross lipemia | OK |
| Gross icterus | OK |
Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serum | Frozen (preferred) | 21 days | |
| Refrigerated | 5 days |
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Preferred test for the diagnosis of biotinidase deficiency
Follow-up testing for certain organic acidurias
Genetics Test Information
Provides information that may help with selection of the correct genetic test or proper submission of the test request
Preferred test to rule out biotinidase deficiency.
Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Biotinidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by variants in the biotinidase gene (BTD). Age of onset and clinical phenotype vary among individuals depending on the amount of residual biotinidase activity. Profound biotinidase deficiency occurs in approximately 1 in 137,000 live births and partial biotinidase deficiency occurs in approximately 1 in 110,000 live births, resulting in a combined incidence of about 1 in 61,000. The carrier frequency for biotinidase deficiency within the general population is about 1 in 120.
Untreated profound biotinidase deficiency typically manifests within the first decade of life as seizures, ataxia, developmental delay, hypotonia, sensorineural hearing loss, vision problems, skin rash, and alopecia. Partial biotinidase deficiency is associated with a milder clinical presentation and may include cutaneous symptoms without neurologic involvement. Certain organic acidurias, such as holocarboxylase synthase deficiency, isolated carboxylase synthase deficiency, and 3-methylcrotonylglycinuria, present similarly to biotinidase deficiency. Serum biotinidase levels can help rule out these disorders.
Treatment with biotin is successful in preventing the clinical features associated with biotinidase deficiency. In symptomatic patients, treatment will reverse many of the clinical features except developmental delay, vision, and hearing complications. As a result, biotinidase deficiency is included in most newborn screening programs. This enables early identification and treatment of presymptomatic patients.
Molecular tests are useful for confirmation of diagnosis or carrier testing. When biotinidase enzyme activity is deficient, sequencing of the entire BTD gene (BTDZ / Biotinidase Deficiency, BTD Full Gene Analysis, Varies) allows for detection of disease-causing variants in affected patients. Identification of familial variants allows for testing of at-risk family members (FMTT / Familial Variant, Targeted Testing, Varies).
While genotype-phenotype correlations are not well established, it appears that certain genetic variants are associated with profound biotinidase deficiency, while others are associated with partial deficiency.
Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
3.5-13.8 U/L
Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
An interpretive report is provided.
Values below 3.5 U/L are occasionally seen in specimens from unaffected patients.
Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
A diet high in biotin may result in normal clinical presentation even when the biotinidase level is low.
Assay interference may occur for specimens collected when the patient is being treated with a sulfa drug.
Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. ACMG Newborn Screening ACT Sheets. Accessed January 19, 2024. Available at www.acmg.net/ACMG/Medical-Genetics-Practice-Resources/ACT_Sheets_and_Algorithms/ACMG/Medical-Genetics-Practice-Resources/ACT_Sheets_and_Algorithms.aspx?hkey=9d6bce5a-182e-42a6-84a5-b2d88240c508
2. Zempleni J, Barshop BA, Cordonier EL, et al. Disorders of biotin metabolism. In: Valle D, Antonarakis S, Ballabio A, Beaudet AL, Mitchell GA, eds. The Online Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Diseases. McGraw-Hill; Accessed January 19, 2024. Available at https://ommbid.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?sectionid=225548571
3. Wolf B. Biotinidase Deficiency. In: Adam MP, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, et al., eds. GeneReviews [Internet]. University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2023. Updated May 25, 2023. Accessed January 19, 2024. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1322/
Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
Biotinidase activity is determined colorimetrically by measuring p-aminobenzoate liberation from N-biotinyl-p-aminobenzoate at 546 nm. Activity is determined from a standard curve of p-aminobenzoic acid. Modified Sigma substrate is used.(Wolf B, Grier RE, Allen RJ, et al. Biotinidase deficiency: the enzymatic defect in late-onset carboxylase deficiency. Clin Chim Acta. 1983;131(3):273-281; Cowan T, Pasquali M. Laboratory investigations of inborn errors of metabolism. In: Sarafoglou K, Hoffman GF, Roth KS, eds. Pediatric Endocrinology and Inborn Errors of Metabolism. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill; 2017:1139-1158)
PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information
Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.
Monday, Thursday
Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.
Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test
Fees :
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.
- Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
- Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
- Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.
Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.
This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
82261
LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.
| Test Id | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| BIOTS | Biotinidase, S | 1982-8 |
| Result Id | Test Result Name |
Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
|
|---|---|---|
| 50672 | Biotinidase, S | 1982-8 |
| 50673 | Interpretation | 59462-2 |
| 50675 | Reviewed By | 18771-6 |