Test Id : MPS1Z
Hurler Syndrome, Full Gene Analysis, Varies
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Identifying variants within the IDUA gene
Confirmation of a diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I)
Carrier testing when there is a family history of MPS- I, but disease-causing variants have not been previously identified
Genetics Test Information
Provides information that may help with selection of the correct genetic test or proper submission of the test request
Testing includes full gene sequencing of the IDUA gene.
Reflex Tests
Lists tests that may or may not be performed, at an additional charge, depending on the result and interpretation of the initial tests.
| Test Id | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
|---|---|---|---|
| CULFB | Fibroblast Culture for Genetic Test | Yes | No |
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
For skin biopsy or cultured fibroblast specimens, fibroblast culture testing will be performed at an additional charge. If viable cells are not obtained, the client will be notified.
The following algorithms are available:
-Lysosomal Disorders Diagnostic Algorithm, Part 1
-Newborn Screen Follow-up for Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I
If the patient has abnormal newborn screening result for mucopolysaccharidosis type I, immediate action should be taken. Refer to the appropriate American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Newborn Screening ACT Sheet.(1)
Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) followed by DNA Sequencing
NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test
Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Alpha-L-iduronidase
Hurler
Hurler-Scheie
MPS-I
Mucopolsaccharidosis
Mucopolysaccaridosis Type I
Scheie
HURLS
MPS1
IDUA
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
For skin biopsy or cultured fibroblast specimens, fibroblast culture testing will be performed at an additional charge. If viable cells are not obtained, the client will be notified.
The following algorithms are available:
-Lysosomal Disorders Diagnostic Algorithm, Part 1
-Newborn Screen Follow-up for Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I
If the patient has abnormal newborn screening result for mucopolysaccharidosis type I, immediate action should be taken. Refer to the appropriate American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Newborn Screening ACT Sheet.(1)
Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing
Varies
Ordering Guidance
First-tier testing for mucopolysaccharidosis type I is available. Order either IDUAW / Alpha-L-Iduronidase, Leukocytes or PLSD / Lysosomal and Peroxisomal Storage Disorders Screen, Blood Spot. Be aware that these tests are not reliable for carrier testing.
For diagnostic testing or monitoring ongoing therapy, order MPSBS / Mucopolysaccharidosis, Blood Spot.
Shipping Instructions
Specimen preferred to arrive within 96 hours of collection.
Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing
Patient Preparation: A previous bone marrow transplant from an allogenic donor will interfere with testing. Call 800-533-1710 for instructions for testing patients who have received a bone marrow transplant.
Submit only 1 of the following specimens:
Preferred:
Specimen Type: Whole blood
Container/Tube:
Preferred: Lavender top (EDTA) or yellow top (ACD)
Acceptable: Any anticoagulant
Specimen Volume: 3 mL
Collection Instructions:
1. Invert several times to mix blood.
2. Send whole blood specimen in original tube. Do not aliquot.
Specimen Stability Information: Ambient (preferred)/Refrigerated
Specimen Type: Cultured fibroblasts
Container/Tube: T-75 or T-25 flask
Specimen Volume: 1 Full T-75 flask or 2 full T-25 flasks
Specimen Stability Information: Ambient (preferred)/Refrigerated <24 hours
Additional Information: A separate culture charge will be assessed under CULFB / Fibroblast Culture for Biochemical or Molecular Testing. An additional 3 to 4 weeks is required to culture fibroblasts before genetic testing can occur.
Specimen Type: Skin biopsy
Supplies: Fibroblast Biopsy Transport Media (T115)
Container/Tube: Sterile container with any standard cell culture media (eg, minimal essential media, RPMI 1640). The solution should be supplemented with 1% penicillin and streptomycin.
Specimen Volume: 4-mm punch
Specimen Stability Information: Refrigerated (preferred)/Ambient
Additional Information: A separate culture charge will be assessed under CULFB / Fibroblast Culture for Biochemical or Molecular Testing. An additional 3 to 4 weeks is required to culture fibroblasts before genetic testing can occur.
Acceptable:
Specimen Type: Blood spot
Supplies: Card - Blood Spot Collection (Filter Paper) (T493)
Container/Tube:
Preferred: Collection card (Whatman Protein Saver 903 Paper)
Acceptable: PerkinElmer 226 (formerly Ahlstrom 226) filter paper, or blood spot collection card
Specimen Volume: 2 to 5 Blood spots
Collection Instructions:
1. An alternative blood collection option for a patient older than 1 year is a fingerstick. For detailed instructions, see How to Collect Dried Blood Spot Samples.
2. Let blood dry on the filter paper at ambient temperature in a horizontal position for a minimum of 3 hours.
4. Do not stack wet specimens.
5. Keep specimen dry.
Specimen Stability Information: Ambient (preferred)/Refrigerated
Additional Information:
1. Due to lower concentration of DNA yielded from blood spot, it is possible that additional specimen may be required to complete testing.
2. For collection instructions, see Blood Spot Collection Instructions
3. For collection instructions in Spanish, see Blood Spot Collection Card-Spanish Instructions (T777)
4. For collection instructions in Chinese, see Blood Spot Collection Card-Chinese Instructions (T800)
Special Instructions
Library of PDFs including pertinent information and forms related to the test
- Molecular Genetics: Biochemical Disorders Patient Information
- Informed Consent for Genetic Testing
- Blood Spot Collection Card-Spanish Instructions
- Newborn Screen Follow-up for Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I
- Blood Spot Collection Card-Chinese Instructions
- Informed Consent for Genetic Testing (Spanish)
- Lysosomal Disorders Diagnostic Algorithm, Part 1
- Blood Spot Collection Instructions
Forms
1. New York Clients-Informed consent is required. Document on the request form or electronic order that a copy is on file. The following documents are available:
-Informed Consent for Genetic Testing (T576)
-Informed Consent for Genetic Testing-Spanish (T826)
2. Molecular Genetics: Biochemical Disorders Patient Information (T527)
3. If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send a Biochemical Genetics Test Request (T798) with the specimen.
Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the testing laboratory. The minimum volume is sufficient for one attempt at testing.
Blood: 1 mL
Blood spots: 5, 3-mm diameter
Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Varies | Varies | ||
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Identifying variants within the IDUA gene
Confirmation of a diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I)
Carrier testing when there is a family history of MPS- I, but disease-causing variants have not been previously identified
Genetics Test Information
Provides information that may help with selection of the correct genetic test or proper submission of the test request
Testing includes full gene sequencing of the IDUA gene.
Testing Algorithm
Delineates situations when tests are added to the initial order. This includes reflex and additional tests.
For skin biopsy or cultured fibroblast specimens, fibroblast culture testing will be performed at an additional charge. If viable cells are not obtained, the client will be notified.
The following algorithms are available:
-Lysosomal Disorders Diagnostic Algorithm, Part 1
-Newborn Screen Follow-up for Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I
If the patient has abnormal newborn screening result for mucopolysaccharidosis type I, immediate action should be taken. Refer to the appropriate American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Newborn Screening ACT Sheet.(1)
Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I) can be categorized into 3 syndromes, Hurler syndrome, Scheie syndrome, and Hurler-Scheie syndrome. MPS-I, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, is caused by variants in the IDUA gene. Furthermore, MPS-I is characterized by reduced or absent activity of the alpha-L-iduronidase enzyme.
Hurler syndrome (severe MPS-I) has early onset and consists of skeletal deformities, coarse facial features, corneal clouding, hepatosplenomegaly, cardiac involvement, hearing loss, and respiratory tract infections. Developmental delay is noticed as early as 12 months with death occurring usually before 10 years of age.
Hurler-Scheie syndrome and Scheie syndrome (attenuated MPS-I) have onset between 3 to 10 years of age and consist of corneal clouding, cardiac involvement, moderate-to-severe hearing loss, and progressive pulmonary disease. Typically skeletal and joint involvement is the most significant source of discomfort for attenuated MPS-I. Intellect with attenuated MPS-I is typically normal or nearly normal.
The IDUA gene is located on chromosome 4 and has 14 exons. IDUA is the only known gene to be associated with MPS-I, and the 3 syndromes appear to be caused by different combinations of variants.
The recommended first-tier test for MPS-I is biochemical testing that measures alpha-L-iduronidase enzyme activity in blood: IDUAW / Alpha-L-Iduronidase, Leukocytes or PLSD / Lysosomal and Peroxisomal Storage Disorders Screen, Blood Spot. Individuals with decreased or absent enzyme activity are more likely to have 2 identifiable variants in the IDUA gene by molecular genetic testing. However, enzymatic testing is not reliable to detect carriers. Additionally, measurement of mucopolysaccharides in blood can aid in diagnosis and ongoing therapeutic monitoring (MPSBS / Mucopolysaccharidosis, Blood Spot).
Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
An interpretive report will be provided.
Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
All detected alterations are evaluated according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommendations.(2) Variants are classified based on known, predicted, or possible pathogenicity and reported with interpretive comments detailing their potential or known significance.
Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
A small percentage of individuals who are carriers or have a diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I) may have a variant that is not identified by this method (eg, large genomic deletions, promoter alterations). The absence of a variant, therefore, does not eliminate the possibility of positive carrier status or the diagnosis of MPS-I. The preferred approach to carrier testing is to first document the presence of an IDUA gene variant in an affected family member.
In some cases, DNA alterations of undetermined significance may be identified.
Rare alterations exist that could lead to false-negative or false-positive results. If results obtained do not match the clinical findings, additional testing should be considered.
Test results should be interpreted in the context of clinical findings, family history, and other laboratory data. Errors in the interpretation of results may occur if information given is inaccurate or incomplete.
Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Newborn Screening ACT Sheet [alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency with or without glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation] Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I (MPS I). American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics; 2023. Updated November 2023. Accessed June 10, 2024. Available at www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/MPSI-ACT-Sheet.pdf
2. Muenzer J, Wraith JE, Clarke LA, International Consensus Panel on Management and Treatment of Mucopolysaccharidosis I: Mucopolysaccharidosis I: management and treatment guidelines. Pediatrics. 2009 Jan;123(1):19-29
3. Scott HS, Bunge S, Gal A, Clarke LA, Morris CP, Hopwood JJ: Molecular genetics of mucopolysaccharidosis type I: diagnostic, clinical, and biological implications. Hum Mutat. 1995;6(4):288-302
4. Terlato NJ, Cox GF: Can mucopolysaccharidosis type I disease severity be predicted based on a patient's genotype? A comprehensive review of the literature. Genet Med. 2003 Jul-Aug;5(4):286-294
5. Vijay S, Wraith JE: Clinical presentation and follow-up of patients with the attenuated phenotype of mucopolysaccharidosis type I. Acta Paediatr. 2005 Jul;94(7):872-877
Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
Bi-directional sequence analysis is performed to test for the presence of a variant in all coding regions and intron/exon boundaries of the IDUA gene.(Unpublished Mayo method)
PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information
Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.
Varies
Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.
Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test
Fees :
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.
- Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
- Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
- Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.
Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.
This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
81406 IDUA (iduronidase, alpha-L-) (eg, mucopolysaccharidosis type I), full gene sequence
88233-Tissue culture, skin or solid tissue biopsy (if appropriate)
88240-Cryopreservation (if appropriate)
LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.
| Test Id | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| MPS1Z | Hurler Syndrome, Full Gene Analysis | 76028-0 |
| Result Id | Test Result Name |
Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
|
|---|---|---|
| 53950 | Result Summary | 50397-9 |
| 53951 | Result | 82939-0 |
| 53952 | Interpretation | 69047-9 |
| 53953 | Additional Information | 48767-8 |
| 53954 | Specimen | 31208-2 |
| 53955 | Source | 31208-2 |
| 53956 | Released By | 18771-6 |