Evaluating lymphocytoses of undetermined etiology
Identifying B- and T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders involving blood and bone marrow
Distinguishing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Immunologic subtyping of ALL
Distinguishing reactive lymphocytes and lymphoid hyperplasia from malignant lymphoma
Distinguishing between malignant lymphoma and acute leukemia
Phenotypic subclassification of B- and T-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and hairy cell leukemia
Recognizing AML with minimal morphologic or cytochemical evidence of differentiation
Recognizing monoclonal plasma cells
This test is designed to delay the start of leukemia/lymphoma immunophenotyping until the preliminary assessment is completed. Specimens are held in the laboratory until noon (12 p.m. CST) 2 days after the collection date. For testing to be cancelled, the client must call 800-533-1710. The testing process will be initiated and fully charged if no notification is received within this time period. To expedite the beginning of testing, call 800-533-1710.
The testing process begins with a screening panel. The screening panel will be charged based on the number of markers tested (FIRST for first marker, ADD1 for each additional marker). The interpretation will be based on markers tested in increments of 2 to 8, 9 to 15, or 16 and greater. In addition, reflex testing may occur to fully characterize a disease state or clarify any abnormalities from the screening test. Reflex tests will be performed at an additional charge for each marker tested (FIRST if applicable, ADD1 if applicable).
In addition to reflexing flow cytometric panels, AMLF / Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), FISH testing for PML-RARA translocation t(15;17),may be added by the Mayo Clinic pathologist to exclude acute promyelocytic leukemia if there is morphologic suspicion and/or blasts and promyelocytes are CD34 and HLA-DR-negative.
The triage panel is initially performed on peripheral blood, bone marrow, and fluid samples to evaluate for monotypic B cells by kappa and lambda light chain expression, increased numbers of blasts by CD34 and CD45 expression along with side scatter gating, and increased plasma cells by CD45 expression and side scatter gating. The panel can also evaluate T cells with CD3, CD5, and CD7. Additionally, viability is assessed on all tissue specimens using 7-AAD exclusion. The triage panel also includes antibodies to assess the number of CD3-positive T cells and CD16-positive/CD3-negative natural killer (NK) cells present. This triage panel also determines if there is an increase in the number of T cells that aberrantly coexpress CD16, an immunophenotypic feature of T-cell granular lymphocytic leukemia.
These panels, together with the provided clinical history and morphologic review, are used to determine what, if any, further testing is needed for disease diagnosis or classification. If additional testing is required, it will be added per algorithm to fully characterize a disease state with a charge per unique antibody tested.
If no abnormalities are detected by the initial panel, no further flow cytometric assessment will be performed unless otherwise indicated by specific features of the clinical presentation or prior laboratory results.
Additional FISH or molecular testing may be recommended by the Mayo pathologist to facilitate diagnosis. The referring physician or pathologist will be contacted to confirm the addition of these tests.
These include:
Cytogenetic FISH studies
-CCND1/IGH translocation t(11;14), to exclude mantle cell lymphoma in cases of CD5+CD23- B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder.
-TCL-1 break-apart at 14q32, to exclude T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia in cases with CD4-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (phenotypic aberrancy or very tight CD4+ population with high CD4:CD8 ratio).
-MYC break-apart at 8q24, with or without IGH-BCL2 t(14;18) and BCL6 break-apart at 3q27, for suspected high grade B-cell lymphomas, based on morphologic assessment and immunophenotype (usually CD10-positive).
Molecular genetic studies:
-T-cell receptor gene rearrangement to examine clonality of T cells in cases showing phenotypically aberrant T-cell population.
Cytochemical stains:
Confirmatory cytochemical stains are performed as needed.
The following algorithms are available in Special Instructions:
-Bone Marrow Staging for Known or Suspected Malignant Lymphoma Algorithm
-Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Guideline to Diagnosis and Follow-up
