Test Id : FENTU
Fentanyl with Metabolite Confirmation, Random, Urine
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Detection and confirmation of illicit drug use involving fentanyl
Method Name
A short description of the method used to perform the test
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
NY State Available
Indicates the status of NY State approval and if the test is orderable for NY State clients.
Reporting Name
Lists a shorter or abbreviated version of the Published Name for a test
Aliases
Lists additional common names for a test, as an aid in searching
Innovar
Sublimaze (Fentanyl)
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Specimen Type
Describes the specimen type validated for testing
Urine
Ordering Guidance
For situations where chain of custody is required, a Chain of Custody Kit (T282) is available. For chain-of-custody testing, order FENTX / Fentanyl with Metabolite Confirmation, Chain of Custody, Random, Urine.
Additional Testing Requirements
If urine creatinine is required or adulteration of the specimen is suspected, the following test should also be ordered, ADULT / Adulterants Survey, Random, Urine.
Specimen Required
Defines the optimal specimen required to perform the test and the preferred volume to complete testing
Supplies: Sarstedt Aliquot Tube, 5 mL (T914)
Collection Container/Tube: Clean, plastic urine collection container
Submission Container/Tube: Plastic, 5-mL tube
Specimen Volume: 5 mL
Collection Instructions:
1. Collect a random urine specimen.
2. No preservative.
Additional Information:
1. No specimen substitutions.
2. STAT requests are not accepted for this procedure.
3. Submitting less than 5 mL will compromise our ability to perform all necessary testing.
Special Instructions
Library of PDFs including pertinent information and forms related to the test
Forms
If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send a Therapeutics Test Request (T831) with the specimen.
Specimen Minimum Volume
Defines the amount of sample necessary to provide a clinically relevant result as determined by the testing laboratory. The minimum volume is sufficient for one attempt at testing.
2.1 mL
Reject Due To
Identifies specimen types and conditions that may cause the specimen to be rejected
| Gross hemolysis | OK |
| Gross icterus | Reject |
Specimen Stability Information
Provides a description of the temperatures required to transport a specimen to the performing laboratory, alternate acceptable temperatures are also included
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Urine | Refrigerated (preferred) | 28 days | |
| Ambient | 21 days | ||
| Frozen | 28 days |
Useful For
Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful
Detection and confirmation of illicit drug use involving fentanyl
Clinical Information
Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test
Fentanyl is an extremely fast acting synthetic opioid related to the phenylpiperidines.(1,2) It is available in injectable as well as transdermal formulations.(1) The analgesic effects of fentanyl is similar to those of morphine and other opioids(1): it interacts predominantly with the opioid mu-receptor. These mu-binding sites are discretely distributed in the human brain, spinal cord, and other tissue.(1,3)
Fentanyl is approximately 80% to 85% protein bound. In plasma, the protein binding capacity of fentanyl decreases with increasing ionization of the drug. Alterations in pH may affect its distribution between plasma and the central nervous system (CNS). The average volume of distribution for fentanyl is 6 L/kg (range 3-8).(3,4)
In humans, the drug appears to be metabolized primarily by oxidative N-dealkylation to norfentanyl and other inactive metabolites that do not contribute materially to the observed activity of the drug. Within 72 hours of intravenous (IV) administration, approximately 75% of the dose is excreted in urine, mostly as metabolites with less than 10% representing unchanged drug.(3,4)
The mean elimination half-life is(1-3):
-IV: 2 to 4 hours
-Iontophoretic transdermal system (Ionsys) terminal half-life: 16 hours
-Transdermal patch: 17 hours (13-22 hours, half-life is influenced by absorption rate)
-Transmucosal:
-Lozenge: 7 hours
-Buccal tablet
-100 to 200 mcg: 3 to 4 hours
-400 to 800 mcg: 11 to 12 hours
In clinical settings, fentanyl exerts its principal pharmacologic effects on the CNS. In addition to analgesia, alterations in mood (euphoria, dysphoria) and drowsiness commonly occur.(1,3) Because the biological effects of fentanyl are similar to those of heroin and other opioids, fentanyl has become a popular drug of abuse.
Reference Values
Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results. May include intervals based on age and sex when appropriate. Intervals are Mayo-derived, unless otherwise designated. If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this.
Negative
Positive results are reported with a quantitative result.
Cutoff concentrations by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry:
Fentanyl: 0.2 ng/mL
Norfentanyl: 1.0 ng/mL
Interpretation
Provides information to assist in interpretation of the test results
The presence of fentanyl above 0.20 ng/mL or norfentanyl above 1.0 ng/mL is a strong indicator that the patient has used fentanyl.
Cautions
Discusses conditions that may cause diagnostic confusion, including improper specimen collection and handling, inappropriate test selection, and interfering substances
Urine concentrations do not correlate well to serum drug levels. For therapeutic drug management, monitor serum levels.
Very high concentrations of butyl fentanyl (>5 mcg/mL) and acetyl fentanyl (>10 mcg/mL) can potentially interfere and cause a low positive (<0.5 ng/mL) fentanyl concentration, but no interference is noted with norfentanyl.
Clinical Reference
Recommendations for in-depth reading of a clinical nature
1. Gutstein HB, Akil H. Opioid analgesics. In: Hardman JG LL, Gilman AG, eds. Goodman and Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2006:chap 21
2. Kerrigan S, Goldberger BA. Opioids. In: Levine ZB, ed. Principles of Forensic Toxicology. 2nd ed. AACC Press; 2003:187-205
3. DURAGESIC (fentanyl transdermal system). Package insert. Janssen Pharmaceutical Products. LP; 2006
4. Baselt RC. Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man. 8th ed. Biomedical Publications; 2008:616-619
5. Langman LJ, Bechtel LK, Meier BM, Holstege C. Clinical toxicology. In: Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT, eds. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2023:chap 43
Method Description
Describes how the test is performed and provides a method-specific reference
The received urine sample is centrifuged, diluted, mixed with internal standard and ammonium hydroxide, and vortexed briefly. It is then extracted using supported liquid extraction, and the extract analyzed by an in-house developed liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method.(Unpublished Mayo method)
PDF Report
Indicates whether the report includes an additional document with charts, images or other enriched information
Day(s) Performed
Outlines the days the test is performed. This field reflects the day that the sample must be in the testing laboratory to begin the testing process and includes any specimen preparation and processing time before the test is performed. Some tests are listed as continuously performed, which means that assays are performed multiple times during the day.
Monday through Friday
Report Available
The interval of time (receipt of sample at Mayo Clinic Laboratories to results available) taking into account standard setup days and weekends. The first day is the time that it typically takes for a result to be available. The last day is the time it might take, accounting for any necessary repeated testing.
Specimen Retention Time
Outlines the length of time after testing that a specimen is kept in the laboratory before it is discarded
Performing Laboratory Location
Indicates the location of the laboratory that performs the test
Fees :
Several factors determine the fee charged to perform a test. Contact your U.S. or International Regional Manager for information about establishing a fee schedule or to learn more about resources to optimize test selection.
- Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
- Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
- Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.
Test Classification
Provides information regarding the medical device classification for laboratory test kits and reagents. Tests may be classified as cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used per manufacturer instructions, or as products that do not undergo full FDA review and approval, and are then labeled as an Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) product.
This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
CPT Code Information
Provides guidance in determining the appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code(s) information for each test or profile. The listed CPT codes reflect Mayo Clinic Laboratories interpretation of CPT coding requirements. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to determine correct CPT codes to use for billing.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
CPT codes are provided by the performing laboratory.
LOINC® Information
Provides guidance in determining the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) values for the order and results codes of this test. LOINC values are provided by the performing laboratory.
| Test Id | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| FENTU | Fentanyl w/metabolite Conf, U | 67822-7 |
| Result Id | Test Result Name |
Result LOINC Value
Applies only to results expressed in units of measure originally reported by the performing laboratory. These values do not apply to results that are converted to other units of measure.
|
|---|---|---|
| 45531 | Norfentanyl by LC-MS/MS | 58383-1 |
| 45530 | Fentanyl by LC-MS/MS | 58381-5 |
| 45532 | Fentanyl Interpretation | 69050-3 |