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Detection and quantification of oxycodone, oxymorphone, noroxycodone, and noroxymorphone in urine
Oxycodone is metabolized to noroxycodone, oxymorphone, and their glucuronides and is excreted primarily via the kidney. The presence of oxycodone >100 ng/mL indicates exposure to oxycodone within 2 to 3 days prior to specimen collection.
Oxymorphone is metabolized in the liver to noroxymorphone and excreted via the kidney primarily as the glucuronide conjugates. Oxymorphone is also a metabolite of oxycodone and, therefore, the presence of oxymorphone could also indicate exposure to oxycodone.
The detection interval for opiates is generally 2 to 3 days after last ingestion.
Negative
Cutoff concentrations:
Oxycodone-by LC-MS/MS: 25 ng/mL
Noroxycodone-by LC-MS/MS: 25 ng/mL
Oxymorphone-by LC-MS/MS: 25 ng/mL
Noroxymorphone-by LC-MS/MS: 25 ng/mL
This procedure reports the total urine concentration; this is the sum of the unconjugated and conjugated forms of the parent drug.
Other drugs in the opioid class, such as fentanyl, meperidine, methadone, and opiate antagonists such as naloxone, are not detected.
1. Gutstein HB, Akil H: Opioid Analgesics. In The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th edition. Edited by LL Brunton, JS Lazo, KL Parker. Goodman and Gilman's: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2006:http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=940653
2. Baselt, RC: Dispositition of Toxic Drugs and Chemical in Man. Ninth edition. Edited by RC Baselt. Foster City, CA: Biomedical Publications, 2011
3. Hackett LP, Dusci LJ, Ilett KF, Chiswell GM: Optimizing the hydrolysis of codeine and morphine glucuronides in urine. Ther Drug Monit 2002;24(5):652-657